Epithelial ovarian cancer and recreational physical activity: A review of the epidemiological literature and implications for exercise prescription

Cannioto, Rikki A.; Moysich, Kirsten B.

doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.03.016

Cited by 43 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(126 reference statements)

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“…Cigarette smoking has not been linked to ovarian cancer risk overall, but it has been linked specifically to mucinous ovarian cancer (18). There is some evidence, albeit less than clear-cut, that more physical activity (19,20) and greater consumption of nonstarchy vegetables (21) are inversely associated with ovarian cancer risk. Higher SES is associated with healthier diets and increased levels of physical activity (22), so this provides a tenable-but unproven-scenario that aligns with the observed data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Status in Relation to the Risk of Ovarian Cancer in African-American Women: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

et al. 2016

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We investigated the association between socioeconomic status and ovarian cancer in African-American women. We used a population-based case-control study design that included case patients with incident ovarian cancer (n = 513) and age-and area-matched control participants (n = 721) from 10 states who were recruited into the African American Cancer Epidemiology Study from December 2010 through December 2014. Questionnaires were administered via telephone, and study participants responded to questions about several characteristics, including years of education, family annual income, and risk factors for ovarian cancer. After adjustment for established ovarian cancer risk factors, women with a college degree or more education had an odds ratio of 0.71 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51, 0.99) when compared with those with a high school diploma or less (P for trend = 0.02); women with family annual incomes of $75,000 or more had an odds ratio of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.47, 1.16) when compared with those with incomes less than $10,000 (P for trend = 0.055). When these variables were dichotomized, compared with women with a high school diploma or less, women with more education had an adjusted odds ratio of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.93), and compared with women with an income less than $25,000, women with higher incomes had an adjusted odds ratio of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.66, 1.12). These findings suggest that ovarian cancer risk may be inversely associated with socioeconomic status among African-American women and highlight the need for additional evidence to more thoroughly characterize the association between socioeconomic status and ovarian cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Status in Relation to the Risk of Ovarian Cancer in African-American Women: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

et al. 2016

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“…In support of this, several case-control studies have reported an inverse association with recreational physical activity [59], and a recent pooled analysis found a 34% increase in risk among women who were sedentary [60]. Results from prospective studies have, however, been mixed with little suggestion of an association with leisure-time physical activity [61] and, while some have reported increased risk among those who are sedentary [62], others have not [59].…”

Section: Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 97%

Epidemiology of epithelial ovarian cancer

Webb

Jordan

2017

Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecol

745

550

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Globally, ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer in women and the eighth most common cause of cancer death, with five-year survival rates below 45%. Although agestandardised rates are stable or falling in most high-income countries, they are rising in many low and middle income countries. Furthermore, with increasing life-expectancy, the number of cases diagnosed each year is increasing. To control ovarian cancer we need to understand the causes. This will allow better prediction of those at greatest risk for whom screening might be appropriate, while identification of potentially modifable causes provides an opportunity for intervention to reduce rates. In this paper we will summarise the current state of knowledge regarding the known and possible causes of epithelial ovarian cancer and discuss some of the main theories of ovarian carcinogenesis. We will also briefly review the relationship between lifestyle and survival after a diagnosis of ovarian cancer.[Words=148] KEY WORDSOvarian neoplasms; epidemiology; incidence; risk factors; survival M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 3 INTRODUCTIONGlobally, 240,000 women are diagnosed with ovarian cancer every year and, with five-year survival below 45%, it is responsible for 150,00 deaths making it the 7 th most common cancer and 8 th most common cause of cancer death among women [1]. Figure 1A shows that agestandardised incidence rates are highest in northern and central/eastern Europe, intermediate in north America, Australia and western Europe and lowest in Asia and Africa. Rates have been decreasing in most high incidence countries but increasing in many low incidence countries ( Figure 1B) thus the differences today are less marked than 30 years ago [2]. Rates also vary by ethnicity within countries such that in the United States, rates in non-Hispanic white women are approximately 30% higher than African-American and Asian women and 12% higher than Hispanic women [3].

Ovarian cancer is rare in women under 40 years of age and most cancers in this age group are germ cell tumours. Above age 40, more than 90% are epithelial tumours and the risk increases with age, peaking in the late 70s. Despite being classified as ovarian, a high proportion of highgrade serous cancers are now thought to originate from the fallopian tube. In the following discussion the term 'ovarian cancer' refers to epithelial cancers that arise in the ovary or fallopian tube as well as the histologically similar primary peritoneal cancers. RISK FACTORSIt is well established that women with a family history of ovarian cancer are themselves at higher risk of the disease. The risk for women with one affected first-degree relative is about three times that for women with no affected relatives [4], and even higher for those whose M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D The following sections review non-genetic factors known or suspected to affect a woman's risk of developing epithelial ovarian cancer, with most weight given to recent meta-...

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“…Obesity is also a risk for poor outcomes following diagnosis of ovarian cancer; women with obesity and low grade serous carcinoma (LGSC), HGSC or endometrioid carcinoma have a worse outcome compared with non-obese women (47). Meta-analyses have suggested a beneficial effect of regular physical activity on the risk of ovarian cancer, with a 30-60% reduction in risk in the most active women (46). Several studies have examined the association between dietary factors and the risk of developing ovarian cancer in the general population.…”

Section: [H2] Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian cancer

Matulonis

Sood

Fallowfield

et al. 2016

Nat Rev Dis Primers

890

787

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Ovarian cancer is not a single disease and can be subdivided into at least five different 2 histological subtypes that have different identifiable risk factors, cells of origin, molecular compositions, clinical features and treatments. Ovarian cancer is a global problem, is typically diagnosed at late stage, and has no effective screening strategy. Standard treatments for newly diagnosed cancer consist of cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. In recurrent cancer, chemotherapy, anti-angiogenic agents, and poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are used and immunological therapies are currently being tested. High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most commonly diagnosed form of ovarian cancer and is typically very responsive to platinum-based chemotherapy at diagnosis. However, in addition to the other histologies, HGSCs frequently relapse and become increasingly resistant to chemotherapy.Consequently, understanding the mechanisms underlying platinum resistance and finding ways to overcome them are active areas of study in ovarian cancer. Significant progress has been made in identifying genes associated with high risk of ovarian cancer (such as BRCA1 and BRCA2) as well as a precursor lesion of HGSC called a serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma, which hold promise for identifying individuals at high risk of developing the disease and for developing prevention strategies. Competing interestsU.A.M. has served as a consultant for AstraZeneca, ImmunoGen, Pfizer, Genentech, and Merck.

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Epithelial ovarian cancer and recreational physical activity: A review of the epidemiological literature and implications for exercise prescription

Cited by 43 publications

References 55 publications

Socioeconomic Status in Relation to the Risk of Ovarian Cancer in African-American Women: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

Socioeconomic Status in Relation to the Risk of Ovarian Cancer in African-American Women: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

Epidemiology of epithelial ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer

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