Epithelial Cells and Their Neighbors. IV. Bacterial contributions to intestinal epithelial barrier integrity

Ismail, Anisa S.; Hooper, Lora V.

doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00203.2005

Cited by 90 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Commensal gut microbes maintain epithelial barrier integrity via a variety of mechanisms including the downregulation of epithelial inflammatory responses, expression of anti-microbial proteins, defense of epithelial surfaces by mucus production and repair of damaged intestinal tissue [93]. Although proper functioning of the GI system requires a community approach, some roles of specific bacteria in the maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity have been identified [67,[94][95][96][97][98].…”

Section: Epithelial and Endothelial Barrier Integritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastroenterology issues in schizophrenia: Why the gut matters

Severance

2016

Eur. psychiatr.

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Genetic and environmental studies implicate immune pathologies in schizophrenia. The body's largest immune organ is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Historical associations of GI conditions with mental illnesses predate the introduction of antipsychotics. Current studies of antipsychoticnaïve patients support that gut dysfunction may be inherent to the schizophrenia disease process. Risk factors for schizophrenia (inflammation, food intolerances, Toxoplasma gondii exposure, cellular barrier defects) are part of biological pathways that intersect those operant in the gut. Central to GI function is a homeostatic microbial community that early reports show is disrupted in schizophrenia. Bioactive and toxic products derived from digestion and microbial dysbiosis activate adaptive and innate immunity. Complement C1q, a brain-active systemic immune component, interacts with gut-related schizophrenia risk factors in clinical and experimental animal models. With accumulating evidence supporting newly discovered gut-brain physiological pathways, treatments to ameliorate brain symptoms of schizophrenia should be supplemented with therapies to correct GI dysfunction.

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Section: Epithelial and Endothelial Barrier Integritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastroenterology issues in schizophrenia: Why the gut matters

Severance

2016

Eur. psychiatr.

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“…Establishing normal bacterial colonization in the intestine is essential for the development and maintenance of this robust epithelial barrier (1). SCFA, mainly acetic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid, are the products of the bacterial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates and proteins in the intestine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Butyrate on Intestinal Barrier Function in a Caco-2 Cell Monolayer Model of Intestinal Barrier

et al. 2007

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Production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the intestinal lumen may play an important role in the maintenance of the intestinal barrier. However, overproduction/accumulation of SCFA in the bowel may be toxic to the intestinal mucosa and has been hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). By using a Caco-2 cell monolayer model of intestinal barrier, we report here that the effect of butyrate on the intestinal barrier is paradoxical. Butyrate at a low concentration (2 mM) promotes intestinal barrier function as measured by a significant increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and a significant decrease in inulin permeability. Butyrate at a high concentration (8 mM) reduces TER and increases inulin permeability significantly. Butyrate induces apoptosis and reduces the number of viable Caco-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Intestinal barrier function impairment induced by high concentrations of butyrate is most likely related to butyrate-induced cytotoxicity due to apoptosis. We conclude that the effect of butyrate on the intestinal barrier is paradoxical; i.e. whereas low concentrations of butyrate may be beneficial in promoting intestinal barrier function, excessive butyrate may induce severe intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and disrupt intestinal barrier. (Pediatr Res 61: 37-41, 2007)

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“…This may reflect the immunological activity of epithelial cells and the protective specialty of Phb-2 (25)(26)(27). IHC staining of Slp-2 was diffuse both in epithelia and stroma, which indicated the structural property of this protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%