Epitaxial synthesis of Ni–MoS₂/Ti₃C₂T_x MXene heterostructures for hydrodesulfurization

Abstract

A facile and efficient method is adopted to intercalate promoter and few-layered MoS2 in Ti3C2Tx MXene for high hydrodesulfurization activity via an in situ thermal conversion process.

A Facile Synthesis of Highly Efficient MXene Supported CoMoS Catalysts for Hydrodesulfurization

“…The space between the MXene slabs was significantly enlarged after Al‐layer leaching from MAX phase, which helped to intercalate the Co and MoS 2 between MXene slabs; confirmed by XRD result shows that the basal space of MoS 2 /MXene‐2 and Co−MoS 2 /MXene‐2 is larger than parent MXene. Further, the textural properties also indicate that the surface area increases when increasing metal loading in MXene than pristine MXene [12a] . Hence, SEM images of MXene catalysts display an even dispersion of flower‐like MoS 2 and cobalt between the MXene and surface.…”

“…Aqueous ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATM) solution was synthesized using ammonical molybdate by sulfidation process [12a] . Typically, ∼10 g of ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate (AHM) (Sigma‐Aldrich, 99.98 %) solution was dissolved in 60 ml of ammonia solution (Sigma‐Aldrich, 28—30 %), and hydrogen sulfide (10% H 2 S, balance Ar) was purged into the solution at a flow rate of 6 L h −1 at 25 °C under stirring for 120 min.…”

“…The feed thiophene concentration was controlled by maintaining vapor phase temperature of (thiophene+H 2 ) saturator system with a cooling system (5 °C). The amount (3.75 mol%) and mole fraction (0.0375) of feed thiophene was calculated from its vapor pressure using Antoine equation [12a] . The catalysts were evaluated for their HDS activity at three different reaction temperatures: 300, 350, and 400 °C.…”

“…The states of metals present on Co−MoS 2 /MXene‐2 catalyst surface and their binding energies were investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Thermo Scientific K‐Alpha spectrometer. The average slab length ( L avg ) and average stacking number of layers per slab ( N avg ) of formed MoS 2 on MXene were obtained by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) from JEOL‐2000EX (120 kV) and calculated L avg and N avg as follows: [12a,35] …”

2D single- and few-layered MXenes: synthesis, applications and perspectives

“…[66][67][68] In particular, HF etching was the most frequently-used method for delamination of the bulky and rigid MAX phase, without the limitation of a precursor containing "Al" layers. 19,45,66,[69][70][71][72][73][74][75] In addition, the structure and property of the nally obtained MXene are affected by various experimental parameters, such as etchant concentration and response time. Recently, few-layered Ti 3 C 2 T x and Nb 2 CT x have been synthesized by one-step etching of a MAX precursor by controlling the reaction conditions.…”