Episymbiotic Saccharibacteria suppresses gingival inflammation and bone loss in mice through host bacterial modulation

Chipashvili, Otari; Utter, Daniel R.; Bedree, Joseph K.; Ma, Yansong; Schulte, Fabian; Mascarin, Gabrielle; Alayyoubi, Yasmin; Chouhan, Deepak; Hardt, Markus; Bidlack, Felicitas B.; Hastürk, Hatice; He, Xuesong; McLean, Jeffrey S.; Bor, Batbileg

doi:10.1016/j.chom.2021.09.009

Cited by 57 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…This protocol describes the usage of Saccharibacteria strain TM7x and Actinomyces odontolyticus strain XH001 to conduct a ligature-induced periodontitis model in mice ( Abe and Hajishengallis, 2013 ; Chipashvili et al., 2021 ). A similar protocol also has been utilized for other human and mouse oral bacteria as well ( Jiao et al., 2013 ; Lin et al., 2014 ; Marchesan et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Before You Beginmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bone loss is occurring as a result of the massive amount of local inflammation around the site of the ligature. Bone loss will be shown by an increase in the distance and area between the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar bone crest of the second molar ( Chipashvili et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Expected Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Please see a detailed list of biological reagents that were generated from this study in our main manuscript ( Chipashvili et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Resource Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is especially true in the case of TM7 bacteria that prefer to grow on the surface of other bacteria. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Chipashvili et al. (2021) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Chipashvili et al. (2021) .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ligature-induced periodontitis mouse model protocol for studying Saccharibacteria

Chipashvili¹,

Bor²

2022

STAR Protocols

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Section: Before You Beginmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Expected Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Please see a detailed list of biological reagents that were generated from this study in our main manuscript ( Chipashvili et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Resource Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Chipashvili et al. (2021) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ligature-induced periodontitis mouse model protocol for studying Saccharibacteria

Chipashvili¹,

Bor²

2022

STAR Protocols

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Changes in oral microflora following 0.3% cetylpyridinium chloride‐containing mouth spray intervention in adult volunteers after professional oral care: Randomized clinical study

Fujimoto,

Fujii,

Suido

et al. 2023

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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ObjectivesThis study explored the changes in bacterial flora composition and total bacterial count in the saliva and tongue coating, along with the change in the tongue coating index (TCI) following an intervention with 0.3% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) mouth spray after professional oral care.Materials and MethodsFifty‐two adult volunteers aged 30–60 years were equally divided into CPC spray (n = 26) and control (n = 26) groups. All subjects underwent scaling and polishing. The CPC spray group was administered four puffs of CPC spray to the tongue dorsum four times a day for 3 weeks. The control group performed only routine daily oral care (brushing) and did not use any other spray. Bacteriological evaluation of saliva and tongue coating was performed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The tongue coating was evaluated to calculate the TCI. A per‐protocol analysis was conducted for 44 subjects (CPC spray group, n = 23; control group, n = 21).ResultsAt 1 and 3 weeks after CPC spray use, the flora of the saliva and tongue coating changed; the genus Haemophilus was dominant in the CPC spray group, whereas the genus Saccharibacteria was dominant in the control group. The sampling time differed among individual participants, which may have affected the bacterial counts. There was no significant intragroup change in TCI in either group.ConclusionsCPC spray affected the bacterial flora in the saliva and tongue coating, particularly with respect to an increase in the abundance of Haemophilus. However, CPC spray did not change the TCI. These results suggest that it may be optimal to combine CPC spray with a physical cleaning method such as using a tongue brush or scraper. Clinical Trial Registration: University Hospital Medical Information Network UMIN000041140.

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Osteocyte RANKL Drives Bone Resorption in Mouse Ligature-Induced Periodontitis

Kittaka,

Yoshimoto,

Levitan

et al. 2023

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Mouse ligature‐induced periodontitis (LIP) has been used to study bone loss in periodontitis. However, the role of osteocytes in LIP remains unclear. Furthermore, there is no consensus on the choice of alveolar bone parameters and time points to evaluate LIP. Here, we investigated the dynamics of changes in osteoclastogenesis and bone volume (BV) loss in LIP over 14 days. Time course analysis revealed that osteoclast induction peaked on days 3 and 5, followed by the peak of BV loss on day 7. Notably, BV was restored by day 14. The bone formation phase following the bone resorption phase was suggested to be responsible for the recovery of bone loss. Electron microscopy identified bacteria in the osteocyte lacunar space beyond the periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue. We investigated how osteocytes affect bone resorption of LIP and found that mice lacking receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL), predominantly in osteocytes, protected against bone loss in LIP, whereas recombination activating 1 (RAG1)‐deficient mice failed to resist it. These results indicate that T/B cells are dispensable for osteoclast induction in LIP and that RANKL from osteocytes and mature osteoblasts regulates bone resorption by LIP. Remarkably, mice lacking the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MYD88) did not show protection against LIP‐induced bone loss. Instead, osteocytic cells expressed nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1), and primary osteocytes induced significantly higher Rankl than primary osteoblasts when stimulated with a NOD1 agonist. Taken together, LIP induced both bone resorption and bone formation in a stage‐dependent manner, suggesting that the selection of time points is critical for quantifying bone loss in mouse LIP. Pathogenetically, the current study suggests that bacterial activation of osteocytes via NOD1 is involved in the mechanism of osteoclastogenesis in LIP. The NOD1‐RANKL axis in osteocytes may be a therapeutic target for bone resorption in periodontitis.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Episymbiotic Saccharibacteria suppresses gingival inflammation and bone loss in mice through host bacterial modulation

Cited by 57 publications

References 71 publications

Ligature-induced periodontitis mouse model protocol for studying Saccharibacteria

Ligature-induced periodontitis mouse model protocol for studying Saccharibacteria

Changes in oral microflora following 0.3% cetylpyridinium chloride‐containing mouth spray intervention in adult volunteers after professional oral care: Randomized clinical study

Osteocyte RANKL Drives Bone Resorption in Mouse Ligature-Induced Periodontitis

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