“…Teachers in this study used dialogic pedagogies to help them understand their students' cultural background of science, which in turn helped them to know how to manage and respond to the students' voices in a way to make the students focus on learning the school science and achieve their learning targets (Meyer & Crawford, 2011. In this sense, teachers use these dialogic pedagogies as a 'bridge' tool or 'scaffold' tool, also called 'teacher-led dialogues' (Abd Elkader, 2014;Scott, Aguiar, Mortimer, 2006;Skidmore, 2006), to find a sensible way to avoid confronting the students' cultural diversity but get them focus on school science. This view of school science, science teaching and science learning constrains the effectiveness these dialogic pedagogies can offer to respond to the students' cultural diversity and use these cultural differences as part of the pedagogy that can help students learn about the nature of science (Alexander, 2004;Brown, Boda, Lemmi, & Monroe, 2018;Richards, 2019).…”