Episodic Memory in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Irish, Muireann; Hornberger, Michael

doi:10.1002/9781118332634.ch20

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…It is well feasible that prestroke cognitive decline was not a significant predictor of poor poststroke functioning in global, executive and ADL domains in the present study because the time interval of one year was not long enough for prestroke decline to impact on these domains of functioning. However, our main finding suggesting that pre‐existing cognitive decline is linked to stable but poor memory functioning in the event of a stroke demonstrates construct validity with the well‐known link between cognitive impairment of neurodegeneration (mostly prestroke) 10 and episodic memory impairment 11 . Contrariwise, cognitive impairment of vascular origin has often been linked to executive dysfunction 32 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…The primary aim was to describe the longitudinal trajectories of domain‐specific cognitive and activities of daily life (ADL) functioning across the first year of stroke in survivors with or without pre‐existing cognitive decline. In line with previous studies suggesting that prestroke cognitive decline is associated with neurodegeneration 10 which, in turn, is linked to episodic memory impairment, 11 we hypothesized that prestroke cognitive decline will be linked to memory decline in the first year of stroke with a moderate effect size.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Conversely, memory scores in the first poststroke year were relatively stable but remained below the local normative threshold. The pattern of age and time‐mediated trajectory of poor memory function in stroke survivors with pre‐existing cognitive decline have been previously postulated 5 as reflective of an interaction between background neurodegeneration (known to be linked to memory impairment) 11 and vascular pathologies of stroke. This is as prestroke cognitive decline has been linked to neurodegeneration 10…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, there was a 50% increase in the effect size of poststroke decline in memory function among those with pre-existing cognitive decline when the effect of age was considered (Adjusted SMD = −0.9, 95% C.I = −1.4, −0.4, p < 0.001) (Table 3). tion between background neurodegeneration (known to be linked to memory impairment) 11 and vascular pathologies of stroke. This is as prestroke cognitive decline has been linked to neurodegeneration.…”

Section: Poststroke Cognitive and Functional Declinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, our main finding suggesting that pre-existing cognitive decline is linked to stable but poor memory functioning in the event of a stroke demonstrates construct validity with the well-known link between cognitive impairment of neurodegeneration (mostly prestroke) 10 and episodic memory impairment. 11 Contrariwise, cognitive impairment of vascular origin has often been linked to executive dysfunction. 32 Future studies including follow-up times beyond the first year of stroke may provide answers as to the long-term relationship between prestroke cognitive decline and the poststroke temporal trajectories of global cognition, executive and ADL functioning in indigenous Africans.…”

Section: Poststroke Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive decline before and after a first‐ever stroke in Africans

Ojagbemi

Bello

Owolabi

et al. 2021

Acta Neuro Scandinavica

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Objectives There is a knowledge gap on the impact of pre‐existing cognitive decline on poststroke decline in indigenous Africans. We describe the trajectories of domain‐specific cognitive and activities of daily life (ADL) functioning across the first year of stroke in Nigerians with pre‐existing cognitive decline. Materials and Methods Prospective observational study. Prestroke cognitive decline was ascertained retrospectively using the 16‐item Informant Questionnaire for Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE). Assessments for global cognition, learning, memory, executive and ADL functioning were conducted at 3 time points using the Mini‐Mental state examination (MMSE), 10‐words list learning and delayed recall test (10 WDRT), Animal naming test and Barthel index, respectively. Results Among 150 stroke survivors, prestroke cognitive decline was found in 25 (16.7%, 95% C.I = 11.5%–23.6%). In linear regression analyses adjusting for the effect of age, education, stroke severity and comorbid diabetes mellitus, prestroke cognitive decline predicted poor memory scores at one year [Adjusted standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.6, 95% C.I = −1.1, −0.1, p = 0.016)]. The association of prestroke cognitive decline with poststroke poor memory was substantially mediated by age (SMD = −0.9, 95% C.I = −1.4, −0.4, p < 0.001). Conclusion Pre‐existing cognitive decline in this sample was associated with an age‐mediated poor memory function at one‐year poststroke. Early institution of targeted cognitive rehabilitation in stroke survivors with pre‐existing cognitive decline may reduce the neurocognitive burden of stroke in Black Africans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Poststroke Cognitive and Functional Declinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Poststroke Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive decline before and after a first‐ever stroke in Africans

Ojagbemi

Bello

Owolabi

et al. 2021

Acta Neuro Scandinavica

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Autobiographical memory in dementia syndromes—An integrative review

Irish

2022

WIRES Cognitive Science

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Autobiographical memory represents a defining feature of human cognition, enabling us to vividly re‐experience salient events from the personal past. By mentally traversing different temporal contexts, humans can maintain an enduring sense of who we are as individuals, as well as envisaging our future goals and behaviors. The relative ease with which we engage in these endeavors, however, belies the remarkable complexity of the autobiographical memory system. Dementia syndromes offer compelling insights into the cognitive neuroarchitecture of autobiographical memory in the face of progressive neural insult to large‐scale brain networks. Importantly, the atrophy profiles of many neurodegenerative disorders follow coordinated and predictable trajectories, affecting key regions implicated in episodic and semantic memory. A wealth of evidence suggests that autobiographical memory disruption is a transdiagnostic feature of dementia, yet this impairment takes many forms and arises due to differential neurocognitive disturbances. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on autobiographical memory in typical and atypical presentations of Alzheimer's disease, as well as younger‐onset dementia syndromes such as frontotemporal dementia and primary progressive aphasia. I will demonstrate how the systematic study of autobiographical memory across dementia syndromes can constrain and inform our fundamental understanding of memory function and, in turn, stimulate new directions in how we conceptualize and assess these cognitive capacities. Consideration will further be given to clinical implications of autobiographical memory dysfunction with a view to developing targeted interventions to better support the person living with dementia. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Memory Neuroscience > Clinical Neuroscience Psychology > Brain Function and Dysfunction

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Visuospatial working memory in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia: a comparative analysis with Alzheimer's disease using the box task

Foxe,

Irish,

Carrick

et al. 2024

J Neurol

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Objective This study investigated the visuospatial working memory profiles of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using a novel computerised test of visuospatial working memory: the Box Task. Methods Twenty-eight bvFTD and 28 AD patients, as well as 32 age-matched control participants were recruited. All participants completed the Box Task and conventional neuropsychological tests of working memory, episodic memory, and visuospatial function. Results Both the bvFTD and AD groups exhibited significantly more Box Task between-search errors than the control group across all set sizes. Notably, the AD group demonstrated a significantly higher error rate compared to the bvFTD group. Regression analysis revealed that whilst episodic memory impairment significantly predicted Box Task error performance in AD, this was not the case for bvFTD. Additionally, a noticeable trend was observed for attention in predicting Box Task errors in both bvFTD and AD groups. The Box Task demonstrated high utility in differentiating between bvFTD and AD, with a decision tree correctly classifying 82.1% of bvFTD patients and 75% of AD patients. Conclusions Our findings reveal significant visuospatial working memory impairments in bvFTD, albeit of lesser severity compared to disease-matched AD patients. The Box Task, a novel measure of visuospatial working memory, proved effective in differentiating between bvFTD and AD, outperforming many traditional neuropsychological measures. Overall, our findings highlight the utility of assessing visuospatial memory when differentiating between bvFTD and AD in the clinical setting.

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Episodic Memory in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Cited by 4 publications

References 119 publications

Cognitive decline before and after a first‐ever stroke in Africans

Cognitive decline before and after a first‐ever stroke in Africans

Autobiographical memory in dementia syndromes—An integrative review

Visuospatial working memory in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia: a comparative analysis with Alzheimer's disease using the box task

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