Episodic Memory and Autonoetic Conciousness: Developmental Evidence and a Theory of Childhood Amnesia

Perner, Josef; Ruffman, Ted

doi:10.1006/jecp.1995.1024

Cited by 392 publications

(350 citation statements)

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“…It has been suggested that the ''theory of mind'' emerges after the age of 3 and episodic memory is not formed until the age of 4 (28,40). Therefore, although we observed a complete architecture of the default network in 1-year-olds, its related function remains largely unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Evidence on the emergence of the brain's default network from 2-week-old to 2-year-old healthy pediatric subjects

Gao¹,

Zhu

Giovanello

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

498

403

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Several lines of evidence have implicated the existence of the brain's default network during passive or undirected mental states. Nevertheless, results on the emergence of the default network in very young pediatric subjects are lacking. Using resting functional magnetic resonance imaging in healthy pediatric subjects between 2 weeks and 2 years of age, we describe the temporal evolution of the default network in a critical, previously unstudied, period of early human brain development. Our results demonstrate that a primitive and incomplete default network is present in 2-week-olds, followed by a marked increase in the number of brain regions exhibiting connectivity, and the percent of connection at 1 year of age. By 2 years of age, the default network becomes similar to that observed in adults, including medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), posterior cingulate cortex/retrosplenial (PCC/Rsp), inferior parietal lobule, lateral temporal cortex, and hippocampus regions. While the anatomical representations of the default network highly depend on age, the PCC/Rsp is consistently observed at in both age groups and is central to the most and strongest connections of the default network, suggesting that PCC/Rsp may serve as the main “hub” of the default network as this region does in adults. In addition, although not as remarkable as the PCC/Rsp, the MPFC also emerges as a potential secondary hub starting from 1 year of age. These findings reveal the temporal development of the default network in the critical period of early brain development and offer new insights into the emergence of brain default network.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Evidence on the emergence of the brain's default network from 2-week-old to 2-year-old healthy pediatric subjects

Gao¹,

Zhu

Giovanello

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

498

403

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Past mental states need to be appreciated and the source of current knowledge needs consideration in this process. Perner and Ruffman (1995) found evidence for an association between free recall and understanding the relationship between knowing and perceiving. Following Tulving (1985), they reasoned that episodic memory is based on autocueing through episodic traces which is reflected in free recall but not cued recognition.…”

Section: Metamind and Self Knowledgementioning

confidence: 94%

“…With the rise of metamind around age four, childhood amnesia ceases and one's personal history (i.e. autobiographical memory) begins (Suddendorf 1994;Perner and Ruffman 1995;Suddendorf and Corballis 1997).…”

Section: Metamind and Self Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intentional rehearsal and refinement enabled H. ergaster/erectus to begin developing intentional symbolic communication and culture. Autocueing is crucial to free recall and episodic memory which are also implicated in metamind (Perner and Ruffman 1995). But what is the `hard' evidence for metamind in H. ergaster/erectus?…”

Section: When Did Metamind Come On To the Scene?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The rise of the metamind

Suddendorf¹

2000

The Descent of MindPsychological Perspectives on Hominid Evolution

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“…Neuroimaging and behavioural data suggest that imagining and remembering draw upon similar brain regions and mental processes (Abraham, Schubotz & von Cramon., 2008;Addis et al, 2007Addis et al, , 2009Botzung, Denova & Manning, 2008;D'Argembeau & Van der Linden, 2004;Hassabis, Kumaran & Maguire, 2007a;Okuda et al, 2003; and emerges at around 3-5 years of age (see Atance & O'Neill, 2001;Perner & Ruffman, 1995). In the current paper we examine these issues from a neuropsychological viewpoint.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Implausible future events in a confabulating patient with an anterior communicating artery aneurysm

Cole

Fotopoulou

Oddy³

et al. 2013

Neurocase

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Patient MW, a known confabulator, and healthy age-matched controls produced past and future events. Events were judged on emotional valence and plausibility characteristics. No differences in valence were found between MW and controls, although a positive emotional bias toward the future was observed. Strikingly, MW produced confabulations about future events that were significantly more implausible than those produced by healthy controls whereas MW and healthy controls produced past events comparable in plausibility. A neurocognitive explanation is offered based on differences between remembering and imagining. Possible implications of this single case in relation to confabulation and mental time travel are discussed.Past and Future Confabulation 3

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Episodic Memory and Autonoetic Conciousness: Developmental Evidence and a Theory of Childhood Amnesia

Cited by 392 publications

References 0 publications

Evidence on the emergence of the brain's default network from 2-week-old to 2-year-old healthy pediatric subjects

Evidence on the emergence of the brain's default network from 2-week-old to 2-year-old healthy pediatric subjects

The rise of the metamind

Implausible future events in a confabulating patient with an anterior communicating artery aneurysm

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