Episodic-like memory in crossbred Yucatan minipigs (Sus scrofa)

Kouwenberg, Amy-Lee; Walsh, Carolyn J.; Morgan, Bethany E.; Martin, Gerard M.

doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2009.01.005

Cited by 50 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…With slight modification of the spontaneous object recognition task (Ennaceur & Delacour, 1988), they showed that rats formed an integrated memory of the object (what), its position (where), and its context (which) in two open fields with different contexts (Eacott & Norman, 2004). Because of the relative ease of experimental control, this task involving "which" has been successfully used as an alternative paradigm to test nonverbal episodic-like memory in various species including humans (Yukatan minipigs: Kouwenberg, Walsh, Morgan, & Martin, 2009;human children: Newcombe, Balcomb, Ferrara, Hansen, & Koski, 2014;hummingbirds: Jelbert, Hurly, Marshall, & Healy, 2014;zebrafish: Hamilton et al, 2016).…”

Section: From When To Which: Alternative Definition In What-where-whementioning

confidence: 99%

RECOLLECTION OF WHAT-WHERE-WHICH MEMORY IN DEGUS (<i>OCTODON DEGUS</i>)

Betsuyaku

Tsuzuki

Fujita

2016

PSYCHOLOGIA -An International Journal of Psychological Sciences

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To examine if a feature of episodic-like memory reported in rats is shared with other species, we investigated whether degus would form an integrated memory of object (what), place (where), and context (which). We used two E-shaped mazes with different contexts regarding the wall and the floor. Degus were entered into the middle arm and first explored the maze with two trial-unique objects placed at each end of the backbone of the E, with their location reversed between contexts. After being habituated to one of the objects in the holding cage, the degus re-explored the maze. Subjects explored the non-habituated object in these baseline trials. In the critical test, the objects were located at the end of the outer arms of the maze. Degus went into the arm where they expected the non-habituated object significantly more often than the other. This result suggests recollection of an integrated What-WhereWhich memory.

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Section: From When To Which: Alternative Definition In What-where-whementioning

confidence: 99%

RECOLLECTION OF WHAT-WHERE-WHICH MEMORY IN DEGUS (<i>OCTODON DEGUS</i>)

Betsuyaku

Tsuzuki

Fujita

2016

PSYCHOLOGIA -An International Journal of Psychological Sciences

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“…This was contrary to our hypothesis given the dietary intake of creatine in these animals was thought to be low (Harris et al, 1997), and thus, like studies on vegetarians (Benton and Donohoe, 2011), we hypothesized that creatine supplementation would improve memory. Because episodic--like memory tests rely on hippocampal function (Kouwenberg et al, 2009), one possible explanation for this null result is that there were no observed effects of guanidino compound supplementation on creatine or GAA concentrations in the hippocampus. Therefore it is possible that either the amount or duration of guanidino compound supplementation was insufficient to affect this particular region, so did not improve episodic--like memory in these pigs.…”

Section: Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Therefore, the cerebellum and hippocampus appear to be sites of creatine accumulation in pigs as they develop. Because memory recollection relies on cerebellum (Andreasen et al, 1999) and episodic memory relies on hippocampus (Kouwenberg et al, 2009), then it is hypothesized that these regions would require more phosphagen derived energy as pigs get older and these skills are developed. Future measures of creatine in the pig brain should consistently sample a specific brain region, or homogenize the entire organ.…”

Section: Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, pigs have been shown to exhibit episodic--like memory, which in humans is defined as the recollection of a personally experienced past event. Put more simply, it is the ability to identify what, when and where something occurred in the past (Kouwenberg et al, 2009). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of 18 days of GAA and creatine supplementation on both brain metabolite concentrations and episodic--like memory in weaned pigs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of dietary methyl donors on methionine partitioning in the neonatal piglet

Robinson

2015

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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The metabolism of the indispensable amino acid methionine is critical during development. Methionine is used to synthesize protein for growth and, using the methionine cycle, it is the precursor of >50 critical nutrients and contributes to epigenetic regulation. Therefore, the dietary methionine requirement must factor all the potential roles of methioine. Three major processes summarize the methionine cycle: transmethylation (TM), which transfers methyl groups to nutrient precursors and DNA; transsulfuration (TS), which represents methionine disposal; and remethylation (RM), which resynthesizes methionine using the dietary methyl donors folate and choline (via betaine). Dietary intakes of folate vary drastically, and choline intakes are often below the adequate intakes during preganancy and in early life, which we hypothesized would influence the methionine requirement. To test our hypothesis, we fed 4--8 day old neonatal piglets a low--methionine diet that was either deficient (MD-), or replete (MS+), in dietary methyl donors. We evaluated how methionine was balanced between the major TM reactions and protein synthesis. The MD-group exhibited marked differences in TM as creatine synthesis was ≈30% less (p<0.05), and phosphatidylcholine synthesis was ≈60% more (p<0.05) during MD-feeding. Interestingly, while MD-feeding did not affect liver protein synthesis, the methionine availablity and protein synthesis were lower in skeletal muscle of the MD-vs. MS+ animals (p<0.05). Furthermore, whole body protein turnover was also reduced during MD-feeding (p<0.05), which is significant as protein turnover is especially critical during infancy. Next, we measured the effect of methyl donors on the rates of TM, TS, and RM. The rates of RM and TM were iii reduced by ≈75% in the MD-group (p<0.05), while TS was unchanged. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of individual methyl donors on RM, we 'rescued' a second group of MD-animals with betaine (MD+B), folate (MD+F) or both (MD+FB). The rate of RM and TM increased by ≈2--fold after rescue (p<0.05) and reduced protein breakdown (p<0.05). These studies showed that dietary methyl donors affect neonatal methionine metabolism, which should be considered when defining the dietary requirements of methionine during development.iv

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“…Prior to our work (Kouwenberg et al, 2009), the existence of episodic-like memory in pigs remained virtually unexplored. However, there were several studies that demonstrated pigs can perform spontaneous object recognition, using modifications of the Ennaceur and Delacour (1988) protocol (Gifford et al, 2007;Kornum et al, 2007;Moustgaard et al, 2002).…”

Section: Episodic-like Memory In Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%