Episodic Future Thinking Involving the Nonsmoking Self Can Induce Lower Discounting and Cigarette Consumption

Chiou, Wen‐Bin; Wu, Wen‐Hsiung

doi:10.15288/jsad.2017.78.106

Cited by 67 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In accordance with the yoking procedure, the mean time spent performing the manipulation task was approximately equal between the EFT and SFT conditions. Participants under the control condition completed an unrelated questionnaire (e.g., Freitas et al, 2004 ; Chiou et al, 2013 ; Chiou and Wu, 2017 ; the Big Five Inventory in the current study, John and Srivastava, 1999 ) requiring approximately 6–10 min of their time.…”

Section: Experiments 1: Eft Pertaining To the Ideal Self Discountingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Daniel et al (2013b) also showed that EFT was effective in reducing discounting tendencies in both obese and lean individuals. EFT interventions may decrease the discounting tendency by activating a future-oriented mindset ( Schacter et al, 2007 ; Cheng et al, 2012 ; Chiou and Wu, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, thinking about one’s ideal self may activate a mindset that includes a future orientation, and which, thereby, reinforces tendencies toward delayed gratification. Two recent studies showed that interacting with a virtual lower-weight self (i.e., the ideal self of participants who were intending to lose weight) induced lower discounting rates ( Kuo et al, 2016 ), while imagining future life events involving a non-smoking self (i.e., the ideal self of smokers intending to quit or reduce smoking) reduced the tendency toward discounting ( Chiou and Wu, 2017 ). Moreover, EFT about positive events was associated with increased clarity about temporal considerations and more vivid pre-experiencing than was EFT about negative events ( D’Argembeau and Van der Linden, 2004 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Building on prior work showing that EFT can induce lower discounting rates ( Peters and Büchel, 2010 ; Cheng et al, 2012 ; Daniel et al, 2013a , b ; Chiou and Wu, 2017 ), and on the notion that a lower tendency toward discounting is associated with decreased involvement in delinquency ( Gottfredson and Hirschi, 1990 ; Moffitt, 1993 ; Pratt and Cullen, 2000 ; Nagin and Pogarsky, 2003 ), we conducted two experiments to test whether engaging in prospective imagery, to pre-experience the life events that would be experienced by the ideal self, leads to lower discounting rates, thereby reducing the likelihood of making delinquent choices (Experiment 1) or cheating (Experiment 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Episodic Future Thinking about the Ideal Self Induces Lower Discounting, Leading to a Decreased Tendency toward Cheating

Cheng

Chiou

2017

Front. Psychol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Delay discounting refers to a pervasive tendency toward preferring smaller immediate gains over larger future gains. Recent empirical research has shown that episodic future thinking (EFT; i.e., projecting oneself into the future to pre-experience forthcoming events) can reduce the tendency toward discounting. A common tenet of psychological theories of crime is that delinquency results from focusing on short-term gains while failing to consider adequately the longer-term consequences of delinquent behavior. We investigated whether an EFT intervention involving the ideal self could induce lower discounting rates and, as a consequence, reduced delinquency. The results showed that, compared with control participants, participants engaging in EFT, that is, envisaging life events that would be experienced by their ideal selves, exhibited a lower discounting rate in a monetary choice task (Experiments 1 and 2), as well as a decreased tendency to make delinquent choices in imaginary scenarios (Experiment 1) and cheat in a matrix task (Experiment 2). The discounting tendency mediated the relationship between engaging in EFT pertaining to the ideal self and the tendency toward morally questionable behavior (Experiments 1 and 2). The findings of the two experiments indicate that engagement in EFT with a focus on the ideal self is sufficient to induce lower discounting rates, by promoting consideration of distant costs and thus increasing resistance to delinquent involvement and cheating (given the temptation of the immediate benefits that may accrue from such behavior). The current research constitutes an innovative approach to delinquency prevention and the promotion of morality.

show abstract

Section: Experiments 1: Eft Pertaining To the Ideal Self Discountingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Episodic Future Thinking about the Ideal Self Induces Lower Discounting, Leading to a Decreased Tendency toward Cheating

Cheng

Chiou

2017

Front. Psychol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A failure in self‐control over smoking involves sacrificing long‐term health gains in favour of the immediate impulse to smoke. In contrast, the ability to delay gratification, as manifested by lower discounting , involves the successful inhibition of immediate impulses to smoke in favour of distal health gains . Thus, lower discounting, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to pictures of natural landscapes may reduce cigarette smoking

Chiou

2019

Addiction

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and aims Reducing temporal discounting may help smokers to reduce their smoking by improving inhibitory control. This study aimed to assess whether viewing pictures of natural versus urban scenes would cause participants to smoke fewer cigarettes mediated by lower temporal discounting. Design A single‐factor (natural scene, urban scene and control) between‐subjects design was employed. Setting Laboratory at Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan. Participants A community sample of 93 daily smokers. Intervention and comparator Participants were exposed to pictures of natural or urban scenes or no images (control). Measurements The discounting measure was implemented after the landscape exposure manipulation. Participants expressed their preferences related to winning a lottery by answering a series of nine binary choice questions, opting either to receive a certain amount of money immediately or varying amounts of money 1 year in the future. The dependent measure was cigarette consumption during an ostensible survey. Findings Participants exposed to pictures of natural scenes smoked fewer cigarettes [mean = 1.1 cigarettes, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.7, 1.6] than did those exposed to pictures of urban scenes (mean = 2.1 cigarettes, 95% CI = 1.7, 2.6, 0.002) and control participants (mean = 1.8 cigarettes, 95% CI = 1.4, 2.3, 0.029). The discounting rate mediated the association between exposure to nature and the amount of smoking (B = −0.62, 95% CI = −1.07, −0.20, P < 0.01). Conclusions Exposing smokers to pictures of natural landscapes may lead to reduced smoking by lowering temporal discounting.

show abstract

Problematic mobile phone use as impulsive choice: Development and empirical verification of a reinforcer‐pathology model

Hayashi

2023

J Exper Analysis Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Problematic mobile phone use is characterized by its “impulsive” nature; users engage in it despite their negative attitude toward it. From a behavioral‐economic perspective, this attitude–behavior discrepancy is generated by competing contingencies that involve smaller‐sooner social reinforcers associated with mobile phone use and larger‐later prosocial reinforcers potentially compromised by phone use. Based on this conceptualization, the reinforcer‐pathology model of problematic mobile phone use is proposed, which posits that such phone use stems from excessive delay discounting of the social and prosocial reinforcers and/or excessive demand for the social reinforcers. A secondary data analysis of previously published studies was conducted, with the novel addition of principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis of these data. The results generated evidence that supports the reinforcer‐pathology model proposed in this article. Based on the theoretical analyses and accumulated empirical evidence, theory‐driven prevention and intervention strategies for problematic mobile phone use are proposed. Overall, the reinforcer‐pathology model of problematic mobile phone use provides a comprehensive framework for understanding and addressing this growing issue.

show abstract

Episodic Future Thinking Involving the Nonsmoking Self Can Induce Lower Discounting and Cigarette Consumption

Cited by 67 publications

References 0 publications

Episodic Future Thinking about the Ideal Self Induces Lower Discounting, Leading to a Decreased Tendency toward Cheating

Episodic Future Thinking about the Ideal Self Induces Lower Discounting, Leading to a Decreased Tendency toward Cheating

Exposure to pictures of natural landscapes may reduce cigarette smoking

Problematic mobile phone use as impulsive choice: Development and empirical verification of a reinforcer‐pathology model

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About