Episodic future thinking in 35-, 47-, and 55-month-old children

Abstract

The trip task has been used as a verbal test for examining preschool children's episodic future thinking. However, the only existing study using the trip task merely examined 3-year-olds. In order to investigate how future projections develop, we examined a total of 241 preschool children in three age groups (35-, 47-, and 55-month-olds). As expected, the results revealed a developmental progression with the older children outperforming their younger peers. The obtained results correspond to existing evidence using behavioral tasks, and thereby underscores the robustness of previous findings showing that the ability to project oneself into the future undergoes a marked development from three to five years of age. In addition, and more specifically, the results presented here when considered together with other evidence, may suggest a hitherto neglected developmental spurt from around 3.5-to 4-years of age in relation to episodic future thinking, calling for further research in this age range.

Distinct environmental cues trigger spontaneous recall of past events in 3‐ and 4‐year‐old children even after long delays

“…Whereas 3‐year‐olds often have difficulties in episodic future thinking, 4‐ and 5‐years‐olds are increasingly capable (e.g. Atance & Meltzoff, 2005; Suddendorf et al, 2011; Svane et al, 2021). However, studies examining episodic future thinking typically require the children to strategically pre‐experience a future scenario (i.e., in order to choose the correct tool for a future task, Suddendorf et al, 2011).…”