Episodic detection of human papillomavirus within a longitudinal cohort of young women

Shew, Marcia L.; Ermel, Aaron; Tong, Yan; Tu, Wanzhu; Qadadri, Brahim; Brown, Darron R.

doi:10.1002/jmv.24284

Cited by 34 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Consistent with findings for the viral RNA reads, we found dysregulated expression of fewer 377 genes in IV infection-induced tumors than in local infection-induced tumors. Although these two 378 different infection routes induced different numbers of genes with altered expression, we found 379 that the majority of the genes with significantly different expression were common to all tumors infections are thought to clear spontaneously but the process often occurs over a lengthy time 388 period of 1-2 years or more (Shew et al, 2015). In 10-20% of that HPV infected population, 389 infection with the same viral species reappears at a later date (Martinez and Troconis, 2014).…”

Section: Viral Dna Was Detected In Blood Samples Of Crpv Infected Rabmentioning

confidence: 82%

Papillomavirus can be transmitted through the blood and produce infections in blood recipients: Evidence from two animal models

Cladel

Jiang

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are commonly thought to be strictly sexually transmitted. However, studies have demonstrated the presence of HPV in cancers of many non-sexual internal organs, raising the question as to how the viruses gain access to these sites. A possible connection between blood transfusion and HPV-associated disease has not received much attention. We show, in two animal models, that blood infected with papillomavirus yields infections at permissive sites. Furthermore, we demonstrate that blood from actively infected mice can transmit the infection to naïve animals. Finally, we report papillomavirus infections in the stomach tissues of animals infected via the blood. Stomach tissues are not known to be permissive for papillomavirus infection, although the literature suggests that HPVs may be associated with a subset of gastric cancers. These results indicate that the human blood supply, which is not screened for papillomaviruses, could be a potential source of HPV infection and subsequent cancers.SUMMARYHuman papillomaviruses cause 5% of human cancers. Currently, blood banks do not screen for these viruses. We demonstrate that blood transfused from papillomavirus-infected animals produces infections in recipients. Public health implications are significant if the same is true for humans.DefinitionsLocal papillomavirus infection: An infection initiated by the direct application of virus or viral DNA to the site of infectionIntravenous (IV) papillomavirus infection: An infection resulting from blood-borne delivery of virus or viral DNA to the site of infection.

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Section: Viral Dna Was Detected In Blood Samples Of Crpv Infected Rabmentioning

confidence: 82%

Papillomavirus can be transmitted through the blood and produce infections in blood recipients: Evidence from two animal models

Cladel

Jiang

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…The present study found an association between previous STI and the risk of infection by HR-HPV types. It should be stressed that the adolescent population exposed to risky sexual behaviour should be screened for these infections which could participate in HPV persistence, redetection and tumour carcinogenesis through cumulative effects [36]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of High-Risk HPV Types and Factors Determining Infection in Female Colombian Adolescents

et al. 2016

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This study reports six HR-HPV types’ infection prevalence discriminated by species and multiple infection in unvaccinated Colombian female adolescents, as well as some factors modulating the risk of infection. HPV DNA for six high-risk viral types was identified in cervical samples taken from 2,134 12–19 year-old females using conventional generic and type-specific PCR. Binomial logistical regression analysis was used for modelling HR-HPV infection and multiple infection risk. The interaction between variables in a stepwise model was also included in such analysis. Viral DNA was detected in 48.97% of the females; 28.52% of them had multiple infections, HPV-16 being the most frequently occurring type (37.44%). Cytological abnormality prevalence was 15.61%. Being over 16 years-old (1.66: 1.01–2.71 95%CI), white ethnicity (4.40: 1.16–16.73 95%CI), having had 3 or more sexual partners (1.77: 1.11–2.81 95%CI) and prior sexually-transmitted infections (STI) (1.65: 1.17–2.32 95%CI) were associated with a greater risk of HPV infection. Having given birth was related to a higher risk of infection by A7 species and antecedent of abortion to less risk of coinfection. Where the females in this study came from also influenced the risk of infection by A7 species as female adolescents from the Andean region had a lower risk of infection (0.42: 0.18–0.99 95%CI). The presence of factors related to risky sexual behaviour in the study population indicated that public health services should pay special attention to female adolescents to modify the risk of infection by high-risk HPV types and decrease their impact on this age group.

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“…In this scenario, the elevated cancer risk associated with particular HPV types results from a small fraction of persistent infections (18). Longitudinal studies, however, have shown that hosts can be infected repeatedly (19). Although type-specific antibodies may provide modest protection against future infection in women (20), serum antibody is not a marker of immune protection in men (21,22).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Recurring infection with ecologically distinct HPV types can explain high prevalence and diversity

Ranjeva

Baskerville

Dukić

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV), the most common sexually transmitted infection, arises from the coexistence of over 200 genetically distinct types. Accurately predicting the impact of vaccines that target multiple types requires understanding the factors that determine HPV diversity. The diversity of many pathogens is driven by type-specific or "homologous" immunity, which promotes the spread of variants to which hosts have little immunity. To test for homologous immunity and to identify mechanisms determining HPV transmission, we fitted nonlinear mechanistic models to longitudinal data on genital infections in unvaccinated men. Our results provide no evidence for homologous immunity, instead showing that infection with one HPV type strongly increases the risk of infection with that type for years afterward. For HPV16, the type responsible for most HPV-related cancers, an initial infection increases the 1-year probability of reinfection by 20-fold, and the probability of reinfection remains 14-fold higher 2 years later. This increased risk occurs in both sexually active and celibate men, suggesting that it arises from autoinoculation, episodic reactivation of latent virus, or both. Overall, our results suggest that high HPV prevalence and diversity can be explained by a combination of a lack of homologous immunity, frequent reinfections, weak competition between types, and variation in type fitness between host subpopulations. Because of the high risk of reinfection, vaccinating boys who have not yet been exposed may be crucial to reduce prevalence, but our results suggest that there may also be large benefits to vaccinating previously infected individuals.

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Episodic detection of human papillomavirus within a longitudinal cohort of young women

Cited by 34 publications

References 30 publications

Papillomavirus can be transmitted through the blood and produce infections in blood recipients: Evidence from two animal models

Papillomavirus can be transmitted through the blood and produce infections in blood recipients: Evidence from two animal models

The Prevalence of High-Risk HPV Types and Factors Determining Infection in Female Colombian Adolescents

Recurring infection with ecologically distinct HPV types can explain high prevalence and diversity

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