EpiReview: Hepatitis A in New South Wales, 1991?2000

Delpech, Valérie; Habib, Mohammad Asadul; Lin, Ming Hwai; McAnulty, Jeremy

doi:10.1071/nb01085

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…11 The higher rate of hepatitis A and shigellosis among males aged 20-39 years is believed to be largely due to a proportion of cases being men who have sex with men, who are at greater risk of contracting these conditions. 12,13 The noticeably higher salmonellosis rates in rural area health services compared to urban area health services remains unexplained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EpiReview : Communicable enteric disease surveillance, NSW, 2000–2002

Neville

McAnulty²

2004

NSW Public Health Bull.

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This article describes a review of communicable enteric disease surveillance, hospitalisation, and outbreak data, for NSW during the period 2000-2002. BACKGROUND Communicable enteric disease (CED), and in particular foodborne disease (FBD), is a major cause of illness in Australia. 1 For the purpose of this article, the term CED encompasses both diarrhoeal and foodborne diseases, which includes illness caused by toxins. It is estimated that FBD costs the Australian community over $2.6 billion each year. 2 The incidence of FBD in Australia is increasing. 3 Salmonella infection notification rates almost doubled in NSW from 1992 (14 per 100,000) to 1998 (30 per 100,000); however, they declined slightly in 2001 (27 per 100,000). 4 There are many factors that can influence the incidence of FBD such as: changes in the pattern of food consumption; changes in consumer demand for food; and changes in the method of manufacture, distribution, storage, and selling of food. In addition, the proportion of the Australian population susceptible to CED is increasing, as the elderly are more vulnerable. 3 Surveillance is key to understanding the epidemiology of CED, estimating its burden on the community, controlling risks, and identifying emerging pathogens. Essential to CED surveillance is clinician and laboratory reporting, analysis, and outbreak investigation. 3 METHODS Surveillance The NSW Department of Health maintains a Notifiable Diseases Database (NDD) that houses data describing communicable diseases notifiable under the NSW Public Health Act 1991. The CEDs included in this review were salmonellosis, listeriosis, typhoid, paratyphoid, shigellosis, hepatitis A, haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), and verotoxin producing E. coli infections (VTEC). We reviewed notification data for CEDs for the period 2000-2002, including demographic information about EPIREVIEW

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EpiReview : Communicable enteric disease surveillance, NSW, 2000–2002

Neville

McAnulty²

2004

NSW Public Health Bull.

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“…The clinical manifestations of HAV infection included sudden onset of fever, anorexia, fatigue, and/or abdominal discomfort followed within a few days by jaundice and hepatomegaly [16-18]. Serologic confirmation of mild HAV infection was determined by elevated alanine serum transferase (AST) not in excess of 5 times the upper limit of normal of the reference value, and by presence of detectable IgM anti-HAV…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-analysis of different management policies for patients with mild hepatitis A virus infection in Kazakhstan

Yassin

Favorov²,

Maes

et al. 2005

Cost Eff Resour Alloc

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ObjectiveFor patients with mild hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, this study compared estimates of total costs associated with managing cases under a policy of mandatory hospitalization in the Republic of Kazakhstan and estimates of total costs associated with managing cases in outpatient settings. Costs were estimated both from the perspective of the Ministry of Health and from a broader societal perspective.MethodsData were collected by using a standardized structured questionnaire. For cases of mild HAV infection, medical records were obtained from 200 patients managed by hospitalization and from 251 patients managed in an outpatient setting. Personal interviews were also conducted to collect information on productivity losses and out-of-pocket expenses.ResultsNationally, we estimated about 21,600 cases of mild HAV infection annually. The mean annual treatment costs in hospital for mild HAV infection was estimated at US$3.39 million (2001 US$) (95% confidence interval [CI] = [US$3.26 million – US$3.52 million]). The total annual mild HAV infection cost to the society, including direct medical and nonmedical costs and productivity losses due to 721,440 lost work days, was estimated at US$6.26 million (95% CI [US$6.05 million – US$6.47 million]). In sensitivity analyses, the total annual cost of mild HAV infection ranged from US$4.37 million to US$24.66 million. The survey results showed that a relatively minor change in the current policy of mandatory hospitalization could result in an estimated total annual savings of US$4.62 million (2001 US$) in Kazakhstan.ConclusionAdoption of an outpatient management policy for cases of mild HAV infection would generate substantial cost savings to the Ministry of Health and society.

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“…Outbreaks of hepatitis A have been recorded among men who have sex with men in South Eastern Sydney every few years, most recently in 1998. 1 Hepatitis A can be prevented through:…”

Section: Hepatitis a Increasingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communicable Diseases, NSW: March 2002

2002

NSW Public Health Bull.

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Through to January 2002 relatively few cases of Ross River virus infections were reported across the state for the time of year. Barmah Forest virus infections were predominantly notified from the north coast of NSW (Tables 1 and 2, Figure 1). We are happy to report that there were no cases of measles reported in the previous three months (Figure 1). We are also happy to report that, after a prolonged epidemic, notifications of pertussis seem to be declining. Nonetheless, there are still many cases about, with 391 notifications being received in January. To protect vulnerable members of the community, vigilance is important in terms of ensuring complete immunisation of children, case finding, treatment, and prophylaxis of household contacts with erythromycin.

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EpiReview: Hepatitis A in New South Wales, 1991?2000

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

EpiReview : Communicable enteric disease surveillance, NSW, 2000–2002

EpiReview : Communicable enteric disease surveillance, NSW, 2000–2002

Cost-analysis of different management policies for patients with mild hepatitis A virus infection in Kazakhstan

Communicable Diseases, NSW: March 2002

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