Epiphanies of well-known and newly discovered macromolecular carbohydrates – A review

Albuquerque, Priscilla Barbosa Sales de; Oliveira, Weslley Felix de; Silva, Priscila Marcelino dos Santos; Correia, Maria Tereza dos Santos; Kennedy, John F.; Coelho, Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.046

Cited by 30 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 178 publications

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“…Polysaccharides are naturally occuring in animal body fluids, cell walls, bacteria, yeast and fungi, extra cellular fluids, and in plant seeds, stems and leaves, which represent the focus of the present review. The main advantage of plant polysaccharides seems to be the low toxicity with respect to immunomodulatory bacterial polysaccharides and synthetic compounds [ 73 ]. Thus, they represent an ideal alternative for immune modulation.…”

Section: Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals and Immune System Modulation: An Evidence-Based Overview

2020

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Immunomodulators are agents able to affect the immune system, by boosting the immune defences to improve the body reaction against infectious or exogenous injuries, or suppressing the abnormal immune response occurring in immune disorders. Moreover, immunoadjuvants can support immune system acting on nonimmune targets, thus improving the immune response. The modulation of inflammatory pathways and microbiome can also contribute to control the immune function. Some plant-based nutraceuticals have been studied as possible immunomodulating agents due to their multiple and pleiotropic effects. Being usually more tolerable than pharmacological treatments, their adjuvant contribution is approached as a desirable nutraceutical strategy. In the present review, the up to date knowledge about the immunomodulating properties of polysaccharides, fatty acids and labdane diterpenes have been analyzed, in order to give scientific basic and clinical evidence to support their practical use. Since promising evidence in preclinical studies, limited and sometimes confusing results have been highlighted in clinical trials, likely due to low methodological quality and lacking standardization. More investigations of high quality and specificity are required to describe in depth the usefulness of these plant-derived nutraceuticals in the immune system modulation, for health promoting and disease preventing purposes.

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Section: Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals and Immune System Modulation: An Evidence-Based Overview

2020

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“…applications, especially in biomedical fields. Bacterial nanocellulose, in addition to classical medicine [45,46], tissue engineering [47], and drug delivery [48,49], has great potential for cosmetology [50], food [51], textile and footwear industries [52], and other applications [53]. However, the use of BC depends on the economic feasibility of its production processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Cellulose (BC) and BC Composites: Production and Properties

et al. 2022

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The synthesis of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Komagataeibacter xylinus strain B-12068 was investigated on various C-substrates, under submerged conditions with stirring and in static surface cultures. We implemented the synthesis of BC on glycerol, glucose, beet molasses, sprat oil, and a mixture of glucose with sunflower oil. The most productive process was obtained during the production of inoculum in submerged culture and subsequent growth of large BC films (up to 0.2 m2 and more) in a static surface culture. The highest productivity of the BC synthesis process was obtained with the growth of bacteria on molasses and glycerol, 1.20 and 1.45 g/L per day, respectively. We obtained BC composites with silver nanoparticles (BC/AgNPs) and antibacterial drugs (chlorhexidine, baneocin, cefotaxime, and doripenem), and investigated the structure, physicochemical, and mechanical properties of composites. The disc-diffusion method showed pronounced antibacterial activity of BC composites against E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 25923.

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“…In general, polysaccharides with high molecular weight can form a gel layer on the surface of bacteria and exert better antibacterial activity ( 27 ), but low molecular weight polysaccharides usually have higher biological activities ( 28 ). As shown in Table 1 , the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of GCP is 8.093 × 10 4 Da, Mw of GCP-F1 is decreased to 3.158 × 10 4 Da with 30 min ultrasound treatment, and Mw of GCP-F2 is reduced to 1.027 × 10 4 Da with 120 min ultrasonic time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ultrasonic degradation on the physicochemical property and bioactivity of polysaccharide produced by Chaetomium globosum CGMCC 6882

Wang

Dun

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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Similar to the enzymatic process, there might also be an active fragment in polysaccharides, how to obtain is important for investigating the bioactivity and pharmacological mechanism of polysaccharides. Presently, a Gynostemma pentaphyllum endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum CGMCC 6882 polysaccharide [Genistein Combined Polysaccharide (GCP)] was degraded by ultrasonic treatment, two polysaccharide fragments of GCP-F1 and GCP-F2 were obtained. Physicochemical results showed that GCP-F1 and GCP-F2 had the same monosaccharide composition of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, and glucuronic acid as compared to GCP with slightly different molar ratios. However, weight-average molecular weights of GCP-F1 and GCP-F2 decreased from 8.093 × 104 Da (GCP) to 3.158 × 104 Da and 1.027 × 104 Da, respectively. In vitro scavenging assays illustrated that GCP-F1 and GCP-F2 had higher antioxidant activity against 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, superoxide anions, and hydroxyl radical than GCP, the order was GCP < GCP-F1 < GCP-F2. Meanwhile, antibacterial tests showed that ultrasonic degradation increased the antibacterial activity of GCP-F1 as compared to GCP, but GCP-F2 almost lost its antibacterial activity with further ultrasound treatment. Changes in the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of GCP-F1 and GCP-F2 might be related to the variation of their molecular weights.

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Epiphanies of well-known and newly discovered macromolecular carbohydrates – A review

Cited by 30 publications

References 178 publications

Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals and Immune System Modulation: An Evidence-Based Overview

Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals and Immune System Modulation: An Evidence-Based Overview

Bacterial Cellulose (BC) and BC Composites: Production and Properties

Effect of ultrasonic degradation on the physicochemical property and bioactivity of polysaccharide produced by Chaetomium globosum CGMCC 6882

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