Epinephrine administration at birth prevents long-term changes in dopaminergic parameters caused by Cesarean section birth in the rat

Boksa, Patricia; Zhang, Ying

doi:10.1007/s00213-008-1213-9

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Adult rats born by PLCS show significantly different responses to repeated mild stress compared with VD rats. In particular they showed increased tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the nucleus accumbens and increased dopamine transporter binding in dorsal striatum and accumbens, following repeated brief periods of isolation (Boksa & Zhang, 2008). These differences were ameliorated by administration of adrenaline to the PLCS animals at birth, supporting a role for the catecholamine surge at birth in long‐term programming of the central nervous system (Boksa & Zhang, 2008).…”

Section: How Do the Physiological Changes Around Birth Programme mentioning

confidence: 99%

The health implications of birth by Caesarean section

Hyde¹,

Mostyn²,

Modi³

et al. 2011

Biological Reviews

186

165

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Since the first mention of fetal programming of adult health and disease, a plethora of programming events in early life has been suggested. These have included intrauterine and postnatal events, but limited attention has been given to the potential contribution of the birth process to normal physiology and long-term health. Over the last 30 years a growing number of studies have demonstrated that babies born at term by vaginal delivery (VD) have significantly different physiology at birth to those born by Caesarean section (CS), particularly when there has been no exposure to labour, i.e. pre-labour CS (PLCS). This literature is reviewed here and the processes involved in VD that might programme post-natal development are discussed. Some of the effects of CS are short term, but longer term problems are also apparent. We suggest that VD initiates important physiological trajectories and the absence of this stimulus in CS has implications for adult health. There are a number of factors that might plausibly contribute to this programming, one of which is the hormonal surge or "stress response" of VD. Given the increasing incidence of elective PLCS, an understanding of the effects of VD on normal development is crucial.

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Section: How Do the Physiological Changes Around Birth Programme mentioning

confidence: 99%

The health implications of birth by Caesarean section

Hyde¹,

Mostyn²,

Modi³

et al. 2011

Biological Reviews

186

165

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are still many gaps in the literature especially for longer term cardiovascular outcomes. In terms of neurodevelopment, it has been found in rats that CS can produce long‐term changes in central nervous system dopamine signalling, compared to VD (Boksa & Zhang, ). Similarly, rat pups born by CS demonstrate long‐term reciprocal changes in dopamine levels and metabolism in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex (El‐Khodor & Boksa, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, rat pups born by CS demonstrate long‐term reciprocal changes in dopamine levels and metabolism in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex (El‐Khodor & Boksa, ). Adrenaline administration to rats at birth following CS prevents these long‐term neurological changes as well as the observed increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity in response to a stress challenge in adulthood (Boksa & Zhang, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parturition and the perinatal period: can mode of delivery impact on the future health of the neonate?

Tribe

Taylor

Kelly

et al. 2018

The Journal of Physiology

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Caesarean section and instrumental delivery rates are increasing in many parts of the world for a range of cultural and medical reasons, with limited consideration as to how 'mode of delivery' may impact on childhood and long-term health. However, babies born particularly by pre-labour caesarean section appear to have a subtly different physiology from those born by normal vaginal delivery, with both acute and chronic complications such as respiratory and cardio-metabolic morbidities being apparent. It has been hypothesized that inherent mechanisms within the process of labour and vaginal delivery, far from being a passive mechanical process by which the fetus and placenta are expelled from the birth canal, may trigger certain protective developmental processes permissive for normal immunological and physiological development of the fetus postnatally. Traditionally the primary candidate mechanism has been the hormonal surges or stress response associated with labour and vaginal delivery, but there is increasing awareness that transfer of the maternal microbiome to the infant during parturition. Transgenerational transmission of disease traits through epigenetics are also likely to be important. Interventions such as probiotics, neonatal gut seeding and different approaches to clinical care have potential to influence parturition physiology and improve outcomes for infants.

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“…It is possible that the cesarean delivery procedure produced effects in the C22 group that were not apparent in the C21 group, as the C21 group had an extra 24 hours to recover from the c-section procedure. Birth by cesarean delivery has been shown to alter later dopamine levels [62, 63]. The typical vaginal birth process provides a surge of protective cholinergic hormones that does not occur during cesarean delivery and may affect motor behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On P1, the C22 group should have sufficient time to recover, but the difference in overall postnatal experience would be 24 hours. Another possible solution for mitigating any deleterious effects cesarean delivery could include the administration of a single injection of epinephrine at birth [63], or providing stimulation to pups that more closely mimics peristaltic contractions that is experienced as the pup moves down the birth canal [66]. However, research has primarily examined the long term, rather than acute, effects of protective effects of drugs on brain function and behavioral outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prematurely delivered rats show improved motor coordination during sensory-evoked motor responses compared to age-matched controls

Roberto

Brumley

2014

Physiology & Behavior

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The amount of postnatal experience for perinatal rats was manipulated by delivering pups one day early (postconception day 21; PC21) by cesarean delivery and comparing their motor behavior to age-matched controls on PC22 (the typical day of birth). On PC22, pups were tested on multiple measures of motor coordination: leg extension response (LER), facial wiping, contact righting, and fore- and hindlimb stepping. The LER and facial wiping provided measures of synchronous hind- and forelimb coordination, respectively, and were sensory-evoked. Contact righting also was sensory-evoked and provided a measure of axial coordination. Stepping provided a measure of alternated forelimb and hindlimb coordination and was induced with the serotonin receptor agonist quipazine. Pups that were delivered prematurely and spent an additional day in the postnatal environment showed more bilateral limb coordination during expression of the LER and facial wiping, as well as a more mature righting strategy, compared to controls. These findings suggest that experience around the time of birth shapes motor coordination and the expression of species-typical behavior in the developing rat.

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Epinephrine administration at birth prevents long-term changes in dopaminergic parameters caused by Cesarean section birth in the rat

Abstract: These results suggest that variations in levels of circulating catecholamines in the neonate at the time of birth could contribute to subtle long-term changes in CNS function.

Cited by 16 publications

References 50 publications

The health implications of birth by Caesarean section

The health implications of birth by Caesarean section

Parturition and the perinatal period: can mode of delivery impact on the future health of the neonate?

Prematurely delivered rats show improved motor coordination during sensory-evoked motor responses compared to age-matched controls

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