Epileptic seizure? Cardiac arrhythmia? Literature review with cases

Abstract

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease characterized by spontaneous and repeative seizures resulting in abnormal and excessive electrical discharge in cortical neurons [1]. In adults, epilepsy is the most common neurological disease after cerebrovascular diseases. It is important to be careful about the distinctive diagnosis of cases that are similar to clinical similarity but not epileptic feature [2]. Generally nonepileptic seizures (pseudoseizure); collected under two headings, depending on psychogenic and physiological reasons . Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) is more common and the distinctive diagnosis is more difficult. PNES cases constitute 15-30% of patients who are refractory to pharmacological treatment who apply to epilepsy centers [3]. In a study of Bora et al, there was a 67 PNES cases in the case of 440 resistant epilepsy (15.2%) and all of these patients have been started the antiseizure medications in earlier centers reported [4].