Epilepsy Properties and Seizure Suppression in a Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities

Abstract

Purpose: In hospitalized patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID), we analyzed the association of the SMID class to factors such as the prevalence of epilepsy, frequency of seizures and number of concomitantly used anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), and evaluated the usefulness of addition of the new AEDs (gabapentin, topiramate, lamotrigine and levetiracetam) to the treatment regimen. Results: The prevalence of epilepsy in the study population was about 60%. There were 39.5% who were free of epileptic seizures during the 6-year survey period and remained well-controlled with medication. As the SMID increased in severity, the frequency of seizures increased, the number of concomitantly used AEDs increased, and the tendency towards ad-

Skin injuries and joint contractures of the upper extremities in Rett syndrome

“…The cases of this study mainly had no understanding of words (A1–6) or understood simple words (B1–6) in the Yokochi classification [Table (Morimoto et al . )]. The subjects had a range of locomotor abilities.…”

“…Individuals with Yokochi classification scores of A1 and B1 (no rolling) or A2 and B2 (rolling over) (Morimoto et al 2016) tended to have joint contractures. Locomotion function was associated with joint contractures of the upper extremities.…”

“…Joint contractures were observed in almost half of the subjects aged 10-19 years and in greater than half of those aged more than 20 years. Individuals with Yokochi classification scores of A1 and B1 (no rolling) or A2 and B2 (rolling over) (Morimoto et al 2016) tended to have joint contractures of the upper extremities.…”

“…The subjects had a range of locomotor abilities. The Yokochi classification(Morimoto et al 2016) score was unknown in 17 individuals.…”

What are patients with Rett syndrome interested in?

“…The questionnaire consisted of 17 headings (age, grade of severity, period during which the answerer made their observations, related profession, purposeful hand movements, types of stereotypical hand movements, increased stereotypical hand movements, decreased stereotypical hand movements, interventions that reduced stereotypic hand movements, handedness, skin injuries, joint contracture, use of upper extremity splints, visual function, ophthalmic findings, use of visual function in rehabilitation or education, and interests), tailored by the authors for individuals with Rett syndrome. Answers to questions concerning age, grade of severity (Yokochi classification 9 ) ) and interests were analyzed in this study. Multiple answers were allowed and “interests” were based on free descriptions, not chosen from a list of possible answers.…”