Epilepsy in the elderly

Abstract

Amaç: Epilepsi yaşlılarda sık görülen bir hastalıktır, ancak etiyolojisi, klinik sunumu, eşlik eden hastalıkları ve prognozu genç hastalardan farklıdır. Bu çalışmada epilepsi nedenleri, yaşlılarda nöbet tipleri, elektroensefalografi (EEG) bulguları araştırıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem:İlk epileptik nöbetini geçiren ve altmış beş yaş üzerinde 95 hasta retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Yaş, epilepsi tipi, EEG bulguları, manyetik rezonans görüntüleme ve/veya kranial tomografi bulguları, etiyoloji, eşlik eden hastalıklar ve verilen antiepileptik tedaviler değerlendirildi. Anah tar Ke li me ler: Epilepsi, nöbet tipi, EEG, tedavi, yaşlı hastalar Objective: Epilepsy is frequently seen in the elderly, but its etiology, clinical presentation, comorbidities, and prognoses are different than younger patients. In this study, we investigated types of seizures, electroencephalography (EEG) findings and the cause of epilepsy in the elderly. Materials and Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 95 patients who were 65 years old or older, and who had an epileptic seizure for the first time. Type of epilepsy, age, EEG findings, magnetic resonance imaging and/or cranial tomography findings, etiology, comorbidities and antiepileptic medication were evaluated. Results:The average age of our patients was 75, and 50 (56%) patients were male. Among 95 patients, 55 (58%) had focal seizures, 36 (38%) had generalized tonic-clonic seizures and 4 (4%) had convulsive status epilepticus. The frequency of focal interictal epileptiform activity was 32.6% patients. Seizures were responsive to treatment administered as monotherapy in 81 (85%) patients and as politherapy in 14 (15%) patients. Our study showed that cerebrovascular disease was the most common (63%) etiological cause identified. There was no significant relationship between age and frequency of seizures and EEG abnormalities. However, a significant correlation was found between age and comorbidities. Conclusion:Our results supported the focal seizure is the most common manifestation of epilepsy in the elderly. Cerebrovascular disease is the most common etiological cause of epilepsy in the elderly. Monotherapy is sufficient in the majority of patients. Continuous growth of the elderly population is increasing the need for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. (Turkish Journal of Neurology 2015; 21:62-7)

The Effect of the Application of Mycorrhiza on Vegetative Growth, Mineral Element Intake, and Some Biochemical Characteristics of Strawberry Seedlings under Lime Stress

“…The reason for this has been thought to be Ca transferring to other organs (particularly flowers) in this period (Ersoy and Demirsoy, 2006). Throughout our experiment, the P content of the crown was seen to be on the level of 0.20-0.13% at beginning of flowering, 0.63-0.12% in flowering, and 0.14-0.08% in harvesting Balcı / HortiS (2023) 40(2):62-71 Table 6. The effects of VAM on some mineral element content of strawberry under calcareous conditions in the root.…”

“…Mineral elements were determined by using the ICP-MS (ICAP-QC). The amount of proline was calculated according to the method of Bates et al (1973) and the results were given as Balcı / HortiS (2023) nmol proline g -1 (fresh weight). The total phenolic amount was determined according to Singleton and Rossi (1965) by using the Folin Ciocalteu Colorimetric method and the results were given in gallic acid equivalent (mg g -1 ).…”

“…The role of these fungal species, which play a very important role in 85% of the world's vegetation and establish symbiotic relationships with roots, in agricultural production is rapidly getting stronger day by day (Erzurumlu and Karar, 2014). Many studies demonstrate that mycorrhizal applications have beneficial effects for plants against to biotic or abiotic stress conditions Balcı / HortiS (2023) 40(2):62-71 (Bavaresco and Fogher, 1995;Gianinazzi and Schuepp, 1995;Yano and Takaki, 2005;Sinclair et al, 2014;Latef et al, 2016). Strawberries, which have an important place in world fruit growing, are generally considered among the varieties that respond positively to mycorrhizae.…”