Epilepsy, depression, and growth hormone

Butler, Tracy; Harvey, Patrick; Cardozo, Lila; Mosa, Adam; Tanzi, Emily; Pervez, Fahad

doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.01.022

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Cell interactions and crosstalk between neurons, glial cells, and microvasculature in neural tissue can induce or repress the renewal of progenitors, cell transdifferentiation, axonal re-growth, and synaptic plasticity [3,4,5]. Considering the increasing number of reports regarding the neuroprotective effects of GH in several models as well as the beneficial impacts of GH treatment in patients with brain trauma, stroke, spinal cord injury, neurological deficit, and cognitive disfunction, it is necessary to fully understand the molecular mechanisms and cellular interactions underlying these neurotrophic effects [6,7,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regenerative Effect of Growth Hormone (GH) in the Retina after Kainic Acid Excitotoxic Damage

Martínez-Moreno

Epardo

Balderas-Márquez

et al. 2019

IJMS

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In addition to its role as an endocrine messenger, growth hormone (GH) also acts as a neurotrophic factor in the central nervous system (CNS), whose effects are involved in neuroprotection, axonal growth, and synaptogenic modulation. An increasing amount of clinical evidence shows a beneficial effect of GH treatment in patients with brain trauma, stroke, spinal cord injury, impaired cognitive function, and neurodegenerative processes. In response to injury, Müller cells transdifferentiate into neural progenitors and proliferate, which constitutes an early regenerative process in the chicken retina. In this work, we studied the long-term protective effect of GH after causing severe excitotoxic damage in the retina. Thus, an acute neural injury was induced via the intravitreal injection of kainic acid (KA, 20 µg), which was followed by chronic administration of GH (10 injections [300 ng] over 21 days). Damage provoked a severe disruption of several retinal layers. However, in KA-damaged retinas treated with GH, we observed a significant restoration of the inner plexiform layer (IPL, 2.4-fold) and inner nuclear layer (INL, 1.5-fold) thickness and a general improvement of the retinal structure. In addition, we also observed an increase in the expression of several genes involved in important regenerative pathways, including: synaptogenic markers (DLG1, NRXN1, GAP43); glutamate receptor subunits (NR1 and GRIK4); pro-survival factors (BDNF, Bcl-2 and TNF-R2); and Notch signaling proteins (Notch1 and Hes5). Interestingly, Müller cell transdifferentiation markers (Sox2 and FGF2) were upregulated by this long-term chronic GH treatment. These results are consistent with a significant increase in the number of BrdU-positive cells observed in the KA-damaged retina, which was induced by GH administration. Our data suggest that GH is able to facilitate the early proliferative response of the injured retina and enhance the regeneration of neurite interconnections.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regenerative Effect of Growth Hormone (GH) in the Retina after Kainic Acid Excitotoxic Damage

Martínez-Moreno

Epardo

Balderas-Márquez

et al. 2019

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This specially affects the systolic blood pressure; moreover, since GHD is associated with increased obesity, both factors contribute to increase the risk of future cardiovascular affectations. Quality of life and psychosocial behavior are affected in GHD children and adults [142], usually they are more susceptible to suffer from depression, fatigue, and less physical activity, and all these are improved after GH treatment [143]. GH is also a key modulator of neonatal hypersensitivity and pain-related behaviors during developmental inflammation.…”

Section: Ghd and Other Effects Of Ghmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Hormone Deficiency: Is It Just a Problem of Growth Impairment? Part II

Devesa¹

2020

Growth Disorders and Acromegaly

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As stated in the first part of this review, growth hormone (GH) acts on all organs and tissues, and untreated GH-deficient (GHD) patients suffer from several affectations occurring as a consequence of the lack of this key hormone. In the second part of this review, we will analyze the effects of GH on the liver, the kidney, the adrenal glands, the skeletal muscles, the bones, the hematopoietic system, the gastrointestinal system, and the adverse effects that may occur in these organs and systems in the GH deficiency not treated in children and adults. Apart from these, we conclude that GH is a co-hormone that seems to be necessary for the physiological actions of other important hormones in humans.

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“…Moreover, GHD can delay the development and maturation of the male reproductive system [30] and the female reproductive system [31,32]. The GHT is more effective on the female fertility [31], sperm efficiency [33], and mood and cognitive behavior in patients with GHD [34]. The outcome results of GHT depend on the age, gender, body mass index (BMI), muscle/bone index, and waist circumference.…”

Section: Iugr and Gh Treatment (Ght)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Introductory Chapter: Growth Disorders

Ahmed¹

2020

Growth Disorders and Acromegaly

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For most of the last decade, the field of growth disorders has evolved with more decisive signs of its detrimental potential to the health and development of fetuses, neonates, childhoods, and adults. This introductory chapter is, briefly, embracing themes on the growth disorders including growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and fetal growth restriction (intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)). It then goes on to cover the effects of GHD or IUGR on different biological systems.

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Epilepsy, depression, and growth hormone

Cited by 34 publications

References 63 publications

Regenerative Effect of Growth Hormone (GH) in the Retina after Kainic Acid Excitotoxic Damage

Regenerative Effect of Growth Hormone (GH) in the Retina after Kainic Acid Excitotoxic Damage

Growth Hormone Deficiency: Is It Just a Problem of Growth Impairment? Part II

Introductory Chapter: Growth Disorders

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