Epilepsy and the ovary (cutting out the hysteria)

Betts, Tim; Dutton, Nicola; Yarrow, Helen

doi:10.1053/seiz.2001.0561

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…20 This study of brivaracetam was conducted in healthy, young, female participants, representative of a fertile population, and caution should be used in extrapolating the results to a diverse population of women with epilepsy, who may be at risk of increased incidence of menstrual irregularities. 39 Although the metabolism of progestogens is complex and not fully understood, data obtained with an OC containing levonorgestrel may be valid for other ethinylated testosterone analogues, such as norethindrone, desogestrel, norgestimate, or gestodene. 40 In conclusion, in healthy female volunteers, concomitant administration of brivaracetam 400 mg/day (a dose significantly higher than the expected recommended dose) reduced the exposure to the estrogen and progestogen components of a combination OC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of brivaracetam (400 mg/day) on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a combination oral contraceptive in healthy women

Stockis

Rolan

2013

The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

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Brivaracetam is a high-affinity synaptic vesicle protein 2A ligand, in Phase III clinical development for epilepsy. This study assessed the effect of brivaracetam 400 mg/day on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a combination oral contraceptive (OC) containing 30 µg ethinylestradiol and 150 µg levonorgestrel, in healthy pre-menopausal women. This open-label, single-center, randomized, two-way crossover, multiple oral dose study (N01080) included two consecutive 28-day cycles without (control) or with brivaracetam (test), and a 28-day follow-up. OC was taken on Days 1–21 of every cycle and brivaracetam 200 mg twice daily was administered on Days 1–20 of the test cycle. Ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel pharmacokinetics were determined on Day 20 and endogenous hormones were measured frequently during both control and test cycles. Overall, 23/24 participants (age: 19–39 years) completed the study. AUC ratio (90% confidence interval) for brivaracetam versus control was 0.73 (0.69, 0.78) for ethinylestradiol and 0.78 (0.72, 0.83) for levonorgestrel, outside pre-defined bioequivalence limits (0.80–1.25). Levels of endogenous hormones were similar and normal during brivaracetam and control cycles. Brivaracetam in combination with OC was well tolerated. Brivaracetam 400 mg/day co-administered with a combination OC in healthy women reduced ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel plasma levels but did not result in ovulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of brivaracetam (400 mg/day) on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a combination oral contraceptive in healthy women

Stockis

Rolan

2013

The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

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“…The evidence here is even more confusing: some of the reasons, but not all, are described in the accompanying paper 2 . Others have been discussed elsewhere 3 . For a general review of the current beliefs on the relationship between ovarian structure and function and epilepsy see our previous paper in Seizure 3 and the best practice guidelines on managing women with epilepsy 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of anticonvulsant medication on ovarian function in a group of women with epilepsy who have only ever taken one anticonvulsant compared with a group of women without epilepsy

Betts

Yarrow

Dutton

et al. 2003

Seizure

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A group of 105 women (54 of whom were, and had only ever been, taking valproate for at least a year, and 51 who had only ever taken either lamotrigine or carbamazepine, for at least a year) were compared with a group of 50 women who did not have epilepsy: any oral contraceptive taken at the time of testing was recorded and blood levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), testosterone and prolactin were estimated from days 2 to 6 of the menstrual cycle (day 1 being the first day of bleeding) and an MRI scan made of their pelvis. Women with epilepsy in general were significantly more likely to exhibit evidence on MRI scanning, of polycystic ovaries (PCO): women taking valproate but not an oral contraceptive were significantly more likely to have clinical biochemical evidence of the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) with raised LH and/or testosterone levels between days 2 and 6 of their menstrual cycle than women who did not have epilepsy: this was not so for women taking lamotrigine or carbamazepine. Since the polycystic ovary syndrome has potentially serious consequences it is suggested that, where possible, valproate is avoided in women of child bearing potential.

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“…Together with these theories, various Roman physicians considered enlargement or inflammation of the uterus as the cause for manifestations of hysteria (Berger, 1971;Okasha, 1999;Betts, Dutton, & Yarrow, 2001).…”

Section: A Brief Synopsis Of the Early History Of Hysteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation between Seizure and Hysteria in a Tenth-Century Persian Text:Hidāyatof al-Akhawayni (d. 983 AD)

Yarmohammadi

Dalfardi

Ghanizadeh

et al. 2014

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences

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Although hysteria is associated largely with the nineteenth century, we find the subject treated in a tenth-century Persian medical text, the Hidayat al-Muta`allemin Fi al-Tibb [A Guide to Medical Learners] by al-Akhawayni Bukhari (d. 983 AD), a prominent physician in the Persian history of medicine. In this article, we discuss al-Akhawayni's views on seizure and hysteria and his differentiation between the two conditions, and we place it in a historical context.

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Epilepsy and the ovary (cutting out the hysteria)

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of brivaracetam (400 mg/day) on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a combination oral contraceptive in healthy women

Effect of brivaracetam (400 mg/day) on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a combination oral contraceptive in healthy women

A study of anticonvulsant medication on ovarian function in a group of women with epilepsy who have only ever taken one anticonvulsant compared with a group of women without epilepsy

Differentiation between Seizure and Hysteria in a Tenth-Century Persian Text:Hidāyatof al-Akhawayni (d. 983 AD)

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