Epigenomic regulation of heart failure: integrating histone marks, long noncoding RNAs, and chromatin architecture

Abstract

Epigenetic processes are known to have powerful roles in organ development across biology. It has recently been found that some of the chromatin modulatory machinery essential for proper development plays a previously unappreciated role in the pathogenesis of cardiac disease in adults. Investigations using genetic and pharmacologic gain- and loss-of-function approaches have interrogated the function of distinct epigenetic regulators, while the increased deployment of the suite of next-generation sequencing technologies have fundamentally altered our understanding of the genomic targets of these chromatin modifiers. Here, we review recent developments in basic and translational research that have provided tantalizing clues that may be used to unlock the therapeutic potential of the epigenome in heart failure. Additionally, we provide a hypothesis to explain how signal-induced crosstalk between histone tail modifications and long non-coding RNAs triggers chromatin architectural remodeling and culminates in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.

Extracellular Endothelial Cell-Derived Vesicles: Emerging Role in Cardiac and Vascular Remodeling in Heart Failure

“…Therefore, chromatin materials are able to be transferred as a cargo with EVs from cell to cell due to cell activation or apoptosis and thereby influence target cells acting as epigenetic factors (13). Finally, the epigenetic changes may influence many intercellular communication signaling systems, including the nitric oxide, angiotensin, and endothelin-1 signaling systems, which are embedded onto pathogenesis of cardiac and vascular remodeling (14,15). The aim of the review is to summarize knowledge regarding the role of various types of extracellular endothelial cell-derived vesicles in the regulation of cardiac and vascular remodeling in HF.…”

Overexpression of the Long Noncoding RNA FOXD2-AS1 Promotes Cisplatin Resistance in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through the miR-195/Akt/mTOR Axis

“…It is commonly accepted that more than 90% of the transcripts arising from the human genome do not encode proteins 10 , and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial RNAs that consist of more than 200 nucleotides 11 . lncRNAs are frequently expressed in various cells and tissues and make essential contributions to multiple cell functions, such as expression, differentiation, proliferation, cell cycle modulation, and apoptosis 12–14 .…”

Relationship between lncRNA-Ang362 and prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention

“…LncRNAs range over 200 nucleotides in length [ 25 ], and, through epigenetic, transcriptional, or post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, are involved in specific physiological and pathological processes of a wide range of human diseases and disorders [ 26 ], such as cancers [ 27 ] and neurological disorders [ 28 ]. As reported recently, some lncRNAs are involved in the development of various cardiovascular diseases [ 29 ], including heart failure [ 30 , 31 ], cardiac hypertrophy [ 32 ], and myocardial infarction [ 33 ]. The plasma levels of some lncRNAs, such as ANRIL, LincRNA-p21 and myocardial infarct-associated transcript-1, markedly increase in atherosclerosis and may be important in its pathogenesis.…”