Epigenetics of Major Depressive Disorder

Wang, Kevin Z; Dada, Oluwagbenga; Bani‐Fatemi, Ali; Tasmim, Samia; Monda, Marcellino; Graff, Ariel; Luca, Vincenzo De

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-58131-8.00002-1

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…The monoamine theory of depressive disorder: Monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, nore-pinephrine, and dopamine) are chemical messengers involved in the regulation of emotion, arousal, and certain types of memory. The monoamine hypothesis of depressive disorder proposes development of depressive disorder by signal dysfunction between neurons: A decreased level of neurotransmitters leads to the depressive state[ 2 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies made on brain and blood showed decreased expression of BDNF in patients with depressive disorder. Also, decreased BDNF expression has been associated with epigenetic modifications of the BDNF gene[ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DNA methylation: DNA methylation is a process in which a single methyl group is added on the 5C of the cytosine DNA base. Methyl groups are transferred from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to cytosine by DNMTs[ 17 ]. In mammals, there are three groups of DNMTs; DNMT1, DNMT2, and DNMT3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 40% of genes contain CpG islands in promoter regions. Methylation of a promoter results in the inability of transcription factors to bind properly to regulatory elements and repression of gene transcription[ 17 ]. However, in mammals DNA methylation also occurs at CpA, CpT, and CpC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cortisol with a negative loop inhibits the HPA axis. Dysregulation of the negative loop is associated with depressive disorder[ 2 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depressive disorder and antidepressants from an epigenetic point of view

Arčan¹,

Kouter²,

Paska³

2022

WJP

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Depressive disorder is a complex, heterogeneous disease that affects approximately 280 million people worldwide. Environmental, genetic, and neurobiological factors contribute to the depressive state. Since the nervous system is susceptible to shifts in activity of epigenetic modifiers, these allow for significant plasticity and response to rapid changes in the environment. Among the most studied epigenetic modifications in depressive disorder is DNA methylation, with findings centered on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene, the glucocorticoid receptor gene, and the serotonin transporter gene. In order to identify biomarkers that would be useful in clinical settings, for diagnosis and for treatment response, further research on antidepressants and alterations they cause in the epigenetic landscape throughout the genome is needed. Studies on cornerstone antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, norepinephrine, and dopamine reuptake inhibitors and their effects on depressive disorder are available, but systematic conclusions on their effects are still hard to draw due to the highly heterogeneous nature of the studies. In addition, two novel drugs, ketamine and esketamine, are being investigated particularly in association with treatment of resistant depression, which is one of the hot topics of contemporary research and the field of precision psychiatry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cortisol with a negative loop inhibits the HPA axis. Dysregulation of the negative loop is associated with depressive disorder[ 2 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depressive disorder and antidepressants from an epigenetic point of view

Arčan¹,

Kouter²,

Paska³

2022

WJP

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The epigenetic of the panic disorder

Harem

2023

J. Exp. Molec. Biol.

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From this review, I discussed the epigenetics of panic disorder. Epigenetic is the changes in the heritable phenotype without any change from the DNA sequence. From one study to the next, there has been disagreement over the functions of many epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling. The focus of the study was on how potential genes might contribute to the emergence and progression of panic disorder. Numerous candidate genes on various chromosomes, including 1q, 2p, 2q, 3, 7, 9, 11, 12q13, 12q23, and 15, may be utilized as markers in the future to diagnose panic disorder in children, are present. The fundamental value of therapies including exposure, cognitive therapy, relaxation training, and breathing retraining has not yet been determined, and recent research has not shown gene therapy's significance in treating panic disorder. Affected protection signal processing and anterior cingulate cortex-amygdala coupling can be used to distinguish between these patients to determine the effectiveness of exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy and associated neuroplastic alterations.

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Epigenetics of Major Depressive Disorder

Cited by 2 publications

References 89 publications

Depressive disorder and antidepressants from an epigenetic point of view

Depressive disorder and antidepressants from an epigenetic point of view

The epigenetic of the panic disorder

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