Epigenetics in development

Kiefer, Julie C.

doi:10.1002/dvdy.21094

Cited by 237 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…These epigenetic modifications are key regulators of developmental processes during preimplantation development (39,40) and spurious epigenetic marks may have long-lasting consequences for the offspring. The identification of unique expression profiles for these groups of genes in embryos grown in utero makes it feasible to investigate how in vitro culture conditions affect the expression of these critical remodelers of the embryonic genome and subsequently to optimize in vitro culture conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide expression profiling reveals distinct clusters of transcriptional regulation during bovine preimplantation development in vivo

Kues

Sudheer

Herrmann³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

152

113

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Bovine embryos can be generated by in vitro fertilization or somatic nuclear transfer; however, these differ from their in vivo counterparts in many aspects and exhibit a higher proportion of developmental abnormalities. Here, we determined for the first time the transcriptomes of bovine metaphase II oocytes and all stages of preimplantation embryos developing in vivo up to the blastocyst using the Affymetrix GeneChip Bovine Genome Array which examines approximately 23,000 transcripts. The data show that bovine oocytes and embryos transcribed a significantly higher number of genes than somatic cells. Several hundred genes were transcribed well before the 8-cell stage, at which the major activation of the bovine genome expression occurs. Importantly, stage-specific expression patterns in 2-cell, 4-cell, and 8-cell stages, and in morulae and blastocysts, were detected, indicating dynamic changes in the embryonic transcriptome and in groups of transiently active genes. Pathway analysis revealed >120 biochemical pathways that are operative in early preimplantation bovine development. Significant differences were observed between the mRNA expression profiles of in vivo and in vitro matured oocytes, highlighting the need to include in vivo derived oocytes/embryos in studies evaluating assisted reproductive techniques. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of gene expression and transcriptome dynamics of in vivo developing bovine embryos and will serve as a basis for improving assisted reproductive technology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide expression profiling reveals distinct clusters of transcriptional regulation during bovine preimplantation development in vivo

Kues

Sudheer

Herrmann³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

152

113

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“…Although the two heterozygotes (Aa and aA) are genotypically equivalent, they can be phenotypically distinct because, under genomic imprinting, only one of the two parental alleles is expressed. A variety of molecular mechanisms are thought to be involved in imprinting effects, including DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNAs (ncRNA), and even longdistance interchromosomal interactions (4)(5)(6)(7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic imprinting effects on adult body composition in mice

Cheverud

Hager

Roseman³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Genomic imprinting results in the differential expression of genes, depending on which allele is inherited from the mother and which from the father. The effects of such differential gene expression are reflected in phenotypic differences between the reciprocal heterozygotes (Aa vs. aA). Although many imprinted genes have been identified and play a key role in development, little is known about the contribution of imprinting to quantitative variation in trait expression. Here, we examine this problem by mapping imprinting effects on adult body composition traits in the F 3 generation of an intercross between the Large (LG/J) and Small (SM/J) inbred mouse strains. We identified eight pleiotropic imprinted quantitative trait loci (iQTL) located throughout the genome. Most iQTL are in novel locations that have not previously been associated with imprinting effects, but those on chromosomes 7, 12, and centromeric 18 lie in regions previously identified as containing imprinted genes. Our results show that the effects of genomic imprinting are relatively small, with reciprocal heterozygotes differing by Ϸ0.25 standard deviation units and the effects at each locus accounting for 1% to 4% of the phenotypic variance. We detected a variety of imprinting patterns, with paternal expression being the most common. These results indicate that genomic imprinting has small, but detectable, effects on the normal variation of complex traits in adults and is likely to be more common than usually thought.epigenetics ͉ mouse ͉ obesity ͉ quantitative trait loci ͉ organs

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“…For example, patients with genetic susceptibility for COPD may have the predisposition for low lung function due to a developmental defect. Epigenetic mechanisms were shown to play a central role in early embryological development and organogenesis (Kiefer, 2007). Therefore aberrant resetting of epigenetic marks could be due to inappropriate expression levels of epigenetic effector molecules.…”

Section: Post-translational Histone Tail Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%