Epigenetics: History, present status and future perspective

Kumar, Suresh; Singh, Ashok Kumar; Mohapatra, Trilochan

doi:10.5958/0975-6906.2017.00061.x

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 114 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Since domestication of plants, considerable progress has been made in agriculture driven by the behavioral/social changes in human beings [3]. Domestication of plants followed by selection of elite genotypes, breeding varieties for higher yield, better food quality, and nutrition, tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and the concurrent technological advancements have enabled a considerable increase in food grain production.…”

Section: Biochemistry and Genetics For Health-securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated in the regulation of stress-associated genes [17]. Many a time, environmental stress fluctuates so rapidly that no other regulatory mechanism can appropriately control expression of the gene in an efficient manner [3]. Living organisms do possess readers, writers and erasers of epigenetic marks [18].…”

Section: Biochemistry and Genetics For Health-securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also important to note that an environmental factor may be stressful for one individual in a particular situation, but it may not have deleterious effects on others. Thus, the effects of environmental stress depend on the interaction between genome and the environment [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Environmental Stress, Food Safety, and Global Health: Biochemical, Genetic and Epigenetic Perspectives

Kumar¹

2018

Med Saf Glob Health

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmental stress adversely affects the living organisms. To cope with the deleterious effects of the stresses, organisms have developed tolerance mechanisms which vary from individual to individual. Hence, the stress may be more deleterious for one individual in a particular situation but it may not be deleterious for the others. Environmental stresses trigger enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing an oxidative stress in the organism. Several antioxidants are generated inside the body to maintain optimum level of ROS in the body, and to protect cellular macromolecules from the damages caused by ROS. Excessive ROS production has been correlated with chronic diseases in human beings. Several phytochemicals are produced by plants for protection from the stresses, many of which are equally protective for animals also. The changing climatic conditions not only affect the productivity of crops and animals but the quality of produce is also affected. Advances in the fields of health and nutrition are resulting in the emergence of newer branch of science called nutrigenomics/nutriepigenomics which deals with the application of genomics to assess nutritional requirements of the individual. Growing evidence suggests that DNA methylation, chromatin modifications, and siRNA are involved in epigenetic regulation of genes under environmental stresses. Epigenetic changes have been associated with inactivation/activation of genes influenced by various abiotic and biotic stresses, resulting in the adaptation of an organism to the environment. In human, DNA demethylation of long interspersed nuclear elements has been identified as a useful epimark for early detection of cancer, which may also help in the epigenetic treatment of cancer. Genome editing techniques (like CRISPR-dCas9) may help dissecting the cause and effect of epigenomics variations associated with human diseases. However, further studies would be required to understand the molecular mechanisms of stress tolerance to deal with the stress-associated problems.

show abstract

Section: Biochemistry and Genetics For Health-securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biochemistry and Genetics For Health-securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Environmental Stress, Food Safety, and Global Health: Biochemical, Genetic and Epigenetic Perspectives

Kumar¹

2018

Med Saf Glob Health

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Growing evidence indicates that epigenetic mechanisms are also involved in the regulation of gene expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels [28]. Studies also indicate that heritable variations in economically important traits may also be caused by the underlying epigenetic variations [29,30]. Several epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated to be involved in the regulation of stress-associated genes [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abiotic Stresses and Their Effects on Plant Growth, Yield and Nutritional Quality of Agricultural Produce

Kumar¹

2020

IJFSA

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abiotic stresses, like extreme temperature, drought, flood, salinity, and heavy metals, are some of the major factors that limit crop productivity and quality. Abiotic stresses considerably affect the growth, development, and productivity of crop plants, such adverse environmental conditions may reduce the performance of the crop with reduced yield from 50% to 70%. Emission of greenhouse gases from different sources is believed to be one of the factors responsible for the gradual increase in the global ambient temperature (global warming). Global warming has also changed the precipitation pattern and contributing to erratic drought/flood stress. Abiotic stresses, particularly drought and heat stress, during the vegetative and reproductive stage of growth adversely affect biomass, grain yield, and quality of the produce. A combination of abiotic stresses, for example, drought and heat, have much greater effects on the yield and quality of the produce. However, responses of plants to these stresses may vary across the species, as well as at different developmental stages. Scarcity of water (drought) and higher temperature induces the stress-associated metabolic responses, and stomatal closure significantly decreases the uptake of CO 2. As a result, the reduction equivalents (e.g. NADPH + H +) for CO 2 fixation via the Calvin cycle declines considerably. Not only the photosynthetic process but also the biosynthetic processes involved in proteins, lipids, and minerals metabolism are affectedby adaptive responses. As a consequence of these metabolic shifts, carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and mineral compositions are significantly affected by the abiotic stresses. Although the effects of abiotic stress on the yield of cereals and grain legumes are relatively well-understood, further research on the combined effects of abiotic stresses, abiotic and biotic stresses, and their effects on crop yield and nutritional quality of the produce needs to be undertaken. Molecular genetics of the stress responses and the tolerance mechanisms are likely to pave the way forward in developing crop plants that can withstand and give economic yield under the abiotic stresses.

show abstract

“…However, interaction between DNA (de)methylation and other epigenetic or chromatin features remains unclear. The role of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in affecting growth, reproductive development and stress responses have been reported in animals and plants, which can be exploited in crop improvement for climate resilient agriculture [25,26]. The focus of the present review is the epigenetic modifications of DNA bases, the mechanisms regulating chromatin structure, gene expression, genome stability and transgenerational inheritance of the epigenetic marks followed by the future perspectives of the epigenetic studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenomics of Plant Responses to Environmental Stress

Kumar

2018

Epigenomes

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Genome-wide epigenetic changes in plants are being reported during development and environmental stresses, which are often correlated with gene expression at the transcriptional level. The sum total of the biochemical changes in nuclear DNA, post-translational modifications in histone proteins and variations in the biogenesis of non-coding RNAs in a cell is known as an epigenome. These changes are often responsible for variation in the expression of the gene without any change in the underlying nucleotide sequence. The changes might also cause variation in chromatin structure resulting in the changes in function/activity of the genome. The epigenomic changes are dynamic with respect to the endogenous and/or environmental stimuli, which affect phenotypic plasticity of the organism. Both the epigenetic changes and variation in gene expression might return to the pre-stress state soon after the withdrawal of the stress. However, a part of the epigenetic changes may be retained, which is reported to play a role in acclimatization and adaptation as well as in the evolutionary process. Probable exploitation of epigenome-engineering for improved stress tolerance in plants has become essential for better utilization of the genetic resources. This review delineates the importance of epigenomics towards the possible improvement of plant responses to environmental stresses for climate resilient agriculture.

show abstract

Epigenetics: History, present status and future perspective

Cited by 24 publications

References 114 publications

Environmental Stress, Food Safety, and Global Health: Biochemical, Genetic and Epigenetic Perspectives

Environmental Stress, Food Safety, and Global Health: Biochemical, Genetic and Epigenetic Perspectives

Abiotic Stresses and Their Effects on Plant Growth, Yield and Nutritional Quality of Agricultural Produce

Epigenomics of Plant Responses to Environmental Stress

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About