Epigenetics: general characteristics and implications for oral health

Seo, Ji-Yun; Park, Yoon-Jung; Yi, Young-Ah; Hwang, Ji Hye; Lee, In-Bog; Cho, Byeong-Hoon; Son, Ho-Hyun; Seo, Deog-Gyu

doi:10.5395/rde.2015.40.1.14

Cited by 41 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(184 reference statements)

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“…The exposed methylation sites allow for interaction with methyl‐binding proteins, such as the methyl‐CpG‐binding domain proteins (MBDs) (Loenen, ). DNA methylation patterns affect gene expression strongly (Seo et al , ). Unmethylated islands are related with transcriptionally active structure, whereas methylated DNA recruits methyl‐binding proteins that promote chromatin compaction and prevent transcription (Jones et al , ; Egger et al , ).…”

Section: Dna Methylation In Dental Pulp Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic regulation in dental pulp inflammation

et al. 2016

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Dental caries, trauma, and other possible factors could lead to injury of the dental pulp. Dental infection could result in immune and inflammatory responses mediated by molecular and cellular events and tissue breakdown. The inflammatory response of dental pulp could be regulated by genetic and epigenetic events. Epigenetic modifications play a fundamental role in gene expression. The epigenetic events might play critical roles in the inflammatory process of dental pulp injury. Major epigenetic events include methylation and acetylation of histones and regulatory factors, DNA methylation, and small non-coding RNAs. Infections and other environmental factors have profound effects on epigenetic modifications and trigger diseases. Despite growing evidences of literatures addressing the role of epigenetics in the field of medicine and biology, very little is known about the epigenetic pathways involved in dental pulp inflammation. This review summarized the current knowledge about epigenetic mechanisms during dental pulp inflammation. Progress in studies of epigenetic alterations during inflammatory response would provide opportunities for the development of efficient medications of epigenetic therapy for pulpitis.

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Section: Dna Methylation In Dental Pulp Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic regulation in dental pulp inflammation

et al. 2016

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“…[1] Epigenetics plays an important role in gene regulation. [2] Although studies focused on epigenetics in dentistry are still in the early stages, there is increasingly more evidence for the association between epigenetic changes and periodontal diseases, [31] as well as inflamed dental pulp cells. Popular epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, [47] histone modification, [21] and ncRNAs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is the most characterized type of chromatin modification involving the covalent transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) to cytosines present in cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotides of the DNA chain. [2] In normal cells, DNA methylation occurs predominantly in repetitive genomic regions including satellite DNA and parasitic elements (LINES and SINES, and endogenous retroviruses, [26] offering a mechanism by which the environment can stably change gene expression.…”

Section: Dna Methylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it deserves attention because it plays an important role in gene expression during tooth development and may affect oral diseases. [2] Understanding epigenetic alterations are important for developing new treatment methods. At least three systems including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA (ncRNA)-associated gene silencing are currently considered to initiate and sustain epigenetic change.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Juneius

2016

AJP

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Aim: To review the literature on the oral health status of the population, evidence-based understanding of epigenetic mechanisms, and its significant role in diseases occurring in the oral cavity. Background: Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression that does not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence. In other words, it is a change in phenotype without a change in genotype, which in turn affects the way cells read genes. Epigenetic change is a regular and natural occurrence but can also be influenced by several factors including age, the environment/lifestyle, and disease state. The field of epigenetics is quickly growing, and it is believed that both the environment and lifestyle can interact with the genome to influence epigenetic change. These changes may be reflected at various stages throughout a person's life and even in later generations. Conclusion: Epigenetic codes help us understand the biological phenotype that arises from the interaction of the human genome with the environment in health and in disease. Epigenetics is a major turn away from molecular biology. Current epigenetics not only offers new insights into gene regulation and heredity, but also it challenges the way we think about evolution, genetics, and development. Most interestingly, it suggests testable mechanisms whereby environmental factors (ranging from stress to infection) can influence genetic expression.

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“…nutrient depletion, agitation) [80, 81]. Environmental stress has also been shown to instigate epigenetic changes [82, 83], and therefore it is likely that the cell culture conditions will also impact epigenetic changes in the cell and consequently recombinant protein production.…”

Section: Epigenetic Regulatory Elements and Recombinant Protein Expmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic regulatory elements: Recent advances in understanding their mode of action and use for recombinant protein production in mammalian cells

Harraghy

Calabrese²,

Fisch³

et al. 2015

Biotechnology Journal

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Successful generation of high producing cell lines requires the generation of cell clones expressing the recombinant protein at high levels and the characterization of the clones' ability to maintain stable expression levels. The use of cis-acting epigenetic regulatory elements that improve this otherwise long and uncertain process has revolutionized recombinant protein production. Here we review and discuss new insights into the molecular mode of action of the matrix attachment regions (MARs) and ubiquitously-acting chromatin opening elements (UCOEs), i.e. cis-acting elements, and how these elements are being used to improve recombinant protein production. These elements can help maintain the chromatin environment of the transgene genomic integration locus in a transcriptionally favorable state, which increases the numbers of positive clones and the transgene expression levels. Moreover, the high producing clones tend to be more stable in long-term cultures even in the absence of selection pressure. Therefore, by increasing the probability of isolating a high producing clone, as well as by increasing transcription efficiency and stability, these elements can significantly reduce the time and cost required for producing large quantities of recombinant proteins.

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Epigenetics: general characteristics and implications for oral health

Cited by 41 publications

References 63 publications

Epigenetic regulation in dental pulp inflammation

Epigenetic regulation in dental pulp inflammation

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Epigenetic regulatory elements: Recent advances in understanding their mode of action and use for recombinant protein production in mammalian cells

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