Epigenetics and human obesity

Sj, van Dijk; Molloy, Peter L.; Varinli, Hilal; Morrison, Janna L.; Muhlhausler, BS

doi:10.1038/ijo.2014.34

Cited by 295 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…The FHS, LBC1921, and LBC1936 cohorts were older adults (mean [SD] age 67 [9], 79 [1], and 70 [1] y, respectively) and had similar sex distribution (50%-60% female) and proportion of current smokers (8%-11%) ( Table 2). …”

Section: Discovery Cohort Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DNA methylation, one of the most frequent and well-characterized epigenetic modifications, reflects at the molecular level a wide range of environmental exposures and genetic influences [8]. By stabilizing chromatin structure and altering gene expression, DNA methylation has the potential to affect an individual's susceptibility to obesity (see review in [9]). Further, changes in the methylation of DNA may occur secondarily to obesity and may consequently influence the development of adiposity-related diseases such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Body Mass Index with DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in Blood Cells and Relations to Cardiometabolic Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Approach

et al. 2017

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Section: Discovery Cohort Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Body Mass Index with DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in Blood Cells and Relations to Cardiometabolic Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Approach

et al. 2017

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“…Then, there is the epigenetic connection -in absence of exercise, methylation of DNA (the deoxyribonucleic acid) deactivates some genes. [34] There is a view that the overweight subjects get involuntarily exercised, provided they live sufficiently busy lives. [21,23] Also, through an exercise the metabolic reserves more genuinely evolve.…”

Section: Distribution Of Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indexing adult obesity by waist-to-height and weight-to-height ratios

Yatsko

2017

JBEI

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To date a vast evidence exists that the waist circumference to height ratio (WCHR) provides a better measure of obesity comparing to the body mass index (BMI). While weight and height are routinely obtained to calculate BMI, waist circumference, despite easily acquired, is often overlooked because the screening protocols, particularly for diabetes, demand BMI. This creates an obstacle for application of WCHR -a more definite measure than BMI for diagnostic of many linked to obesity metabolic disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and hypertension. This article is intended to fill the gap in the literature by providing a conversion from BMI to WCHR for five adult age categories. A strong linearity between the measures is demonstrated and equivalent to BMI WCHR thresholds are provided to identify normality, overweight as well as obesity and other points. The analysis is based on the data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Different forms of BMI are also discussed and a strong linearity between them is demonstrated. An obesity index based on simple weight to height ratio to match the standard levels is proposed. The equivalence between the proposed and existing obesity indices is tested on the original data with promising results.

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“…However, reality is never simple and it is believed that genetics and epigenetics play important roles in the development of obesity [5][6][7]. The correlation between obesity and metabolic disorder is quite clear, but a significant fraction of obese individuals are metabolically healthy while some nonobese show metabolic dysfunction [8].…”

Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Adipocytes : Proteomic Approaches

Jufvas¹

2016

Linköping University Medical Dissertations

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Type 2 diabetes is characterized by increased levels of glucose in the blood originating from insulin resistance in insulin sensitive tissues and from reduced pancreatic insulin production. Around 400 million people in the world are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and the correlation with obesity is strong. In addition to life style induction of obesity and type 2 diabetes, there are indications of genetic and epigenetic influences. This thesis has focused on the characterization of primary human adipocytes, who play a crucial role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Histones are important proteins in chromatin dynamics and may be one of the factors behind epigenetic inheritance. In paper I, we characterized histone variants and posttranslational modifications in human adipocytes. Several of the specific posttranslational histone modifications we identified have been characterized in other cell types, but the majority was not previously known. Moreover, we identified a variant of histone H4 on protein level for the first time. In paper II, we studied specific histone H3 methylations in the adipocytes. We found that overweight is correlated with a reduction of H3K4me2 while type 2 diabetes is associated with an increase of H3K4me3. This shows a genome-wide difference in important chromatin modifications that could help explain the epidemiologically shown association between epigenetics and metabolic health. Caveolae is a plasma membrane structure involved in the initial and important steps of insulin signaling. In paper III we characterized the IQGAP1 interactome in human adipocytes and suggest that IQGAP1 is a link between caveolae and the cytoskeleton. Moreover, the amount of IQGAP1 is drastically lower in adipocytes from type 2 diabetic subjects compared with controls implying a potential role for IQGAP1 in insulin resistance. In conclusion, this thesis provides new insights into the insulin signaling frameworks and the histone variants and modifications of human adipocytes

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Epigenetics and human obesity

Abstract: Background: Recent technological advances in epigenome profiling have led to an increasing

Cited by 295 publications

References 120 publications

Association of Body Mass Index with DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in Blood Cells and Relations to Cardiometabolic Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Approach

Association of Body Mass Index with DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in Blood Cells and Relations to Cardiometabolic Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Approach

Indexing adult obesity by waist-to-height and weight-to-height ratios

Human Adipocytes : Proteomic Approaches

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