Epigenetics: An Innovative Approach for Biotechnology and Food Science

Abstract

Abstract-Recently, epigenetics has been one of the most important advances in the biology and associated fields due to its valuable potential to explain how the primary DNA sequence of an organism is affected by the environmental conditions and which changes occur in the phenotype depending on related changes. Understanding rules of epigenetics and its fundamental mechanisms is essential to get a clear comprehension for many cellular processes such as quiescence, proliferation, differentiation, migration, etc., and it enables development of new technologies for various areas especially including biology, agriculture, medicine, biotechnology and food sciences. Hence, the present study was designated to review basic principles of epigenetics, recent advances in this field and its use potential for biotechnology and food applications.

Adaption of COBRA Method for The Investigation of Nutrition-Based DNA Methylation Mechanism in Escherichia coli

“…The term epigenetics was first introduced to explain how cell lines were shaped during the development of multicellular eukaryotes in 1942 by Conrad Waddington, (Handy et al, 2011;Tollefsbol, 2011;Yaykaşlı et al, 2012;Casadesûs and Low, 2013;Gulluce et al, 2014;Jurkowski et al, 2015). It is widely known that epigenetic control of gene expression plays an important role in the processes of cell differentiation in vertebrates (Takahashi, 2013).…”

“…Although there are many different types of classification, epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene expression fall into two sub-categories, mainly indirect and direct role mechanisms. Among these, the mechanisms that directly take part; Acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, S-nitrosylation, SUMOylation, ADP-ribosylation, proline isomerization, deimination and non-covalent histone modifications (Gulluce et al, 2014;Alaylar et al, 2019). All these epigenetic modifications are known to be altered by external and internal environmental factors and affect gene expression.…”