Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Activity in Epithelial Cells of Nasal Mucous Membrane in Patients with Polypous Rhinosinusitis

Abstract

Nowadays, a wide clinico-laboratory polymorphism of "polypous rhinosinusitis" is observed. It suggests the potential role of heredity in the formation of the disease indicating the necessity of studying the role of genetic factor in the formation of various clinico-pathogenic variants of polyposis in detail. The objective of the research was to study the degree of functional abnormalities in the epithelial cell genome of the nasal mucous membrane in patients with polypous rhinosinusitis using the cytogenetic methods. Materials and methods. The article presents the results of cytogenetic study of 70 patients with various types of polypous rhinosinusitis (aspirin-intolerant and allergic). Hereditary predisposition to the disease was determined applying clinical and genealogical analysis. Results. Significant differences in the quantitative characteristics of the functional state of the nasal epithelial cell genome by the criterion of chromatization indices, the nucleolar index, the indices of the heteropyknotic X chromosome and pathologically altered nuclei were found in patients with aspirin-intolerant polypous rhinosinusitis as compared to those with allergic polypous rhinosinusitis as well as the control group.The identified changes serve as a criterion of the reduction in the activity of the transcriptional-translational processes in aspirin-intolerant polypous rhinosinusitis. Conclusions. The studied changes in the parameters of the functional state of the epithelial cell genome in the nasal mucous membrane provided an objective confirmation of hypothesis about epigenetic nature of pathology formation.