Epigenetic regulation of geminivirus pathogenesis: a case of relentless recalibration of defence responses in plants

Zarreen, Fauzia; Chakraborty, Supriya

doi:10.1093/jxb/eraa406

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…In the nucleus, using the host cell machinery the ssDNAs replicate to the double stranded forms and by binding with host's histones exist as the minichromosomes [3]. The plant's response to this invasion is employed by the RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) apparatus to suppress the viral minichromosomes, silencing the viral gene expression by transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) [22,23]. This epigenetic silencing mechanism involves a sequence of host-virus interactions that reflect the different stages of the infection.…”

Section: Transcriptional Gene Silencing and Rna Polymerase Blockersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant responses to geminivirus infection: guardians of the plant immunity

Gupta

Reddy

Bhattacharyya

et al. 2021

Virol J

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Background Geminiviruses are circular, single-stranded viruses responsible for enormous crop loss worldwide. Rapid expansion of geminivirus diversity outweighs the continuous effort to control its spread. Geminiviruses channelize the host cell machinery in their favour by manipulating the gene expression, cell signalling, protein turnover, and metabolic reprogramming of plants. As a response to viral infection, plants have evolved to deploy various strategies to subvert the virus invasion and reinstate cellular homeostasis. Main body Numerous reports exploring various aspects of plant-geminivirus interaction portray the subtlety and flexibility of the host–pathogen dynamics. To leverage this pool of knowledge towards raising antiviral resistance in host plants, a comprehensive account of plant’s defence response against geminiviruses is required. This review discusses the current knowledge of plant’s antiviral responses exerted to geminivirus in the light of resistance mechanisms and the innate genetic factors contributing to the defence. We have revisited the defence pathways involving transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing, ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation pathway, protein kinase signalling cascades, autophagy, and hypersensitive responses. In addition, geminivirus-induced phytohormonal fluctuations, the subsequent alterations in primary and secondary metabolites, and their impact on pathogenesis along with the recent advancements of CRISPR-Cas9 technique in generating the geminivirus resistance in plants have been discussed. Conclusions Considering the rapid development in the field of plant-virus interaction, this review provides a timely and comprehensive account of molecular nuances that define the course of geminivirus infection and can be exploited in generating virus-resistant plants to control global agricultural damage.

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Section: Transcriptional Gene Silencing and Rna Polymerase Blockersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant responses to geminivirus infection: guardians of the plant immunity

Gupta

Reddy

Bhattacharyya

et al. 2021

Virol J

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“…Over the past two decades, it has been well demonstrated that host RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM)-mediated TGS is one of the most effective defense responses against geminiviruses due to their DNA replication in the host nucleus ( Raja et al, 2008 ; Zhong et al, 2017b ; Zarreen and Chakraborty, 2020 ; Gupta et al, 2021 ). In turn, geminiviruses evolve various VSRs to interfere with the host RdDM-mediated TGS ( Hanley-Bowdoin et al, 2013 ; Wang et al, 2019 ; Jin et al, 2021 ; Zhou, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P25 and P37 proteins encoded by firespike leafroll-associated virus are viral suppressors of RNA silencing

et al. 2022

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Firespike leafroll-associated virus (FLRaV) is a major pathogen associated with firespike (Odontonema tubaeforme) leafroll disease. Phylogenetic analysis showed that FLRaV possesses typical traits of subgroup II members of ampeloviruses, but encodes two additional proteins, P25 and P37. Here, we determined the microfilament localization of P25 protein. Posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) assay showed that both FLRaV P25 and P37 were able to suppress the local and systemic PTGS and FLRaV P25 was capable of suppressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene silencing triggered by both sense RNA-induced PTGS (S-PTGS) and inverted repeat RNA-induced PTGS (IR-PTGS). In contrast, FLRaV P37 was only able to inhibit the GFP silencing triggered by the S-PTGS but not the IR-PTGS. In the transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) assay, only FLRaV P25 was found to be able to reverse established TGS-mediated silencing of GFP in 16-TGS plants. We also found that FLRaV P25 could aggravate the disease symptom and viral titer of potato virus X in N. benthamiana. These results suggest that FLRaV P25 and P37 may have crucial roles in overcoming host RNA silencing, which provides key insights into our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying FLRaV infection.

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“…Pathogen-induced histone modification is a hotspot of research. Histone acetylation and deacetylation were involved in host defense responses to virus pathogens [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 45 , 50 ]. HD2C is a well-studied and characterized HDAC, whose function is established not only in plant development but in plant abiotic and biotic stress responses [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cauliflower mosaic virus P6 Dysfunctions Histone Deacetylase HD2C to Promote Virus Infection

Lyu

Liu

et al. 2021

Cells

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Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are vital epigenetic modifiers not only in regulating plant development but also in abiotic- and biotic-stress responses. Though to date, the functions of HD2C—an HD2-type HDAC—In plant development and abiotic stress have been intensively explored, its function in biotic stress remains unknown. In this study, we have identified HD2C as an interaction partner of the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) P6 protein. It functions as a positive regulator in defending against CaMV infection. The hd2c mutants show enhanced susceptibility to CaMV infection. In support, the accumulation of viral DNA, viral transcripts, and the deposition of histone acetylation on the viral minichromosomes are increased in hd2c mutants. P6 interferes with the interaction between HD2C and HDA6, and P6 overexpression lines have similar phenotypes with hd2c mutants. In further investigations, P6 overexpression lines, together with CaMV infection plants, are more sensitive to ABA and NaCl with a concomitant increasing expression of ABA/NaCl-regulated genes. Moreover, the global levels of histone acetylation are increased in P6 overexpression lines and CaMV infection plants. Collectively, our results suggest that P6 dysfunctions histone deacetylase HD2C by physical interaction to promote CaMV infection.

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Epigenetic regulation of geminivirus pathogenesis: a case of relentless recalibration of defence responses in plants

Cited by 18 publications

References 131 publications

Plant responses to geminivirus infection: guardians of the plant immunity

Plant responses to geminivirus infection: guardians of the plant immunity

P25 and P37 proteins encoded by firespike leafroll-associated virus are viral suppressors of RNA silencing

Cauliflower mosaic virus P6 Dysfunctions Histone Deacetylase HD2C to Promote Virus Infection

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