Epigenetic regulation of abiotic stress responses in plants

Chinnusamy, Viswanathan; Dalal, Monika; Zhu, Jian‐Kang

doi:10.1002/9781118764374.ch8

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…The maintenance of cell membrane and organelle integrity under stress is majorly dependent on the lipid and carbohydrate composition of the cell dynamically affecting the performance of cellular transporters (Rawat et al, 2021). Moreover, the epigenetic regulation of stress response through chromatin remodeling, regulatory RNA's and DNA methylation is manifested in the additionally acquired domains (Chinnusamy et al, 2013). Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are produced at higher levels in different organelles during abiotic stress and cause significant damage to the cell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene fusions, micro-exons and splice variants define stress signaling by AP2/ERF and WRKY transcription factors in the sesame pan-genome

Parakkunnel¹,

K²,

Girimalla³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Evolutionary dynamics of AP2/ERF and WRKY genes, the major components of defense response were studied extensively in the sesame pan-genome. Massive variation was observed for gene copy numbers, genome location, domain structure, exon-intron structure and protein parameters. In the pan-genome, 63% of AP2/ERF members were devoid of introns whereas >99% of WRKY genes contained multiple introns. AP2 subfamily was found to be micro-exon rich with the adjoining intronic sequences sharing sequence similarity to many stress-responsive and fatty acid metabolism genes. WRKY family included extensive multi-domain gene fusions where the additional domains significantly enhanced gene and exonic sizes as well as gene copy numbers. The fusion genes were found to have roles in acquired immunity, stress response, cell and membrane integrity as well as ROS signaling. The individual genomes shared extensive synteny and collinearity although ecological adaptation was evident among the Chinese and Indian accessions. Significant positive selection effects were noticed for both micro-exon and multi-domain genes. Splice variants with changes in acceptor, donor and branch sites were common and 6-7 splice variants were detected per gene. The study ascertained vital roles of lipid metabolism and chlorophyll biosynthesis in the defense response and stress signaling pathways. 60% of the studied genes localized in the nucleus while 20% preferred chloroplast. Unique cis-element distribution was noticed in the upstream promoter region with MYB and STRE in WRKY genes while MYC was present in the AP2/ERF genes. Intron-less genes exhibited great diversity in the promoter sequences wherein the predominance of dosage effect indicated variable gene expression levels. Mimicking the NBS-LRR genes, a chloroplast localized WRKY gene, Swetha_24868, with additional domains of chorismate mutase, cAMP and voltage-dependent potassium channel was found to act as a master regulator of defense signaling, triggering immunity and reducing ROS levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene fusions, micro-exons and splice variants define stress signaling by AP2/ERF and WRKY transcription factors in the sesame pan-genome

Parakkunnel¹,

K²,

Girimalla³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Since the genome does not change in plants during a single generation, we hypothesized that epigenetic changes in a generation influence the phenotype of Ox1 line. Cytosine methylation is responsive to various biotic and abiotic stresses and may produce changes in gene expression and resulting phenotypes [ 14 , 46 ]. Villalobos et al (2015) reported that an extensive remodeling of global DNA methylation occurs in Arabidopsis plants exposed to low Pi availability, related to changes in gene expression [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DNA methylation is the major heritable epigenetic modification and contributes to the epigenetic regulation of nuclear gene expression and genome stability [ 13 ]. The cytosine residue in DNA is methylated at the 5′ position [ 14 ] and occurs throughout the plant genome, including CG, CHG, and CHH (H = A, T, or C) [ 15 ]. There are many studies of epigenetic regulation in plant response to nutrient stresses [ 16 – 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant DNA methylation is sensitive to parent seed N content and influences the growth of rice

Fan

Liu²,

Qian

et al. 2021

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Nitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for plant growth, development, and agricultural production. Nitrogen stress could induce epigenetic changes in plants. In our research, overexpression of the OsNAR2.1 line was used as a testing target in rice plants with high nitrogen-use efficiency to study the changes of rice methylation and growth in respond of the endogenous and external nitrogen stress. Results Our results showed that external N deficiency could decrease seed N content and plant growth of the overexpression line. During the filial growth, we found that the low parent seed nitrogen (LPSN) in the overexpression line could lead to a decrease in the filial seed nitrogen content, total plant nitrogen content, yield, and OsNAR2.1 expression (28, 35, 23, and 55%, respectively) compared with high parent seed nitrogen (HPSN) in high nitrogen external supply. However, such decreases were not observed in wild type. Furthermore, methylation sequencing results showed that LPSN caused massive gene methylation changes, which enriched in over 20 GO pathways in the filial overexpression line, and the expression of OsNAR2.1 in LPSN filial overexpression plants was significantly reduced compared to HPSN filial plants in high external N, which was not shown in wild type. Conclusions We suggest that the parent seed nitrogen content decreased induced DNA methylation changes at the epigenetic level and significantly decreased the expression of OsNAR2.1, resulting in a heritable phenotype of N deficiency over two generations of the overexpression line.

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“…The diverse array of signalling pathways and molecules that are involved in environmental stress defence result from reprogramming of gene expression patterns, which in turn are beautifully regulated. From research spanning the last two decades, there is growing evidence that an epigenetic regulation of gene expression also takes place under different kinds of abiotic stress [40][41][42][43]. Following the consensus, we are using the definition of 'epigenetics' as the changes in gene expression activity due to alterations that are outside of the DNA sequence of the gene, and that these changes may be meiotically or mitotically inheritable but are largely displaying the non-Mendelian feature of reversibility [40,42,44].…”

Section: Climate Change Conditions Leave Their Imprints In Plants Thr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Impact of Global Climate Change on Abiotic Stress in Plants and the Supportive Role of PGPR

Agnihotri¹,

Mitra²

2023

Abiotic Stress in Plants - Adaptations to Climate Change

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Plants form the fundamental trophic level of almost all the food chains, and as such are the most significant biotic component of our ecosystems. However, there is a rising threat on the growth and well-being of these organisms due to variations in climatic conditions. Climate change conditions pose threat to plants by exposing them to various abiotic stresses, such as salinity, drought and UV-B radiation, eventually leading to oxidative stress in plant cells. Plants can put up their defence against such stressors using a number of strategies namely, adaptation, avoidance and tolerance. The action of antioxidant molecules and enzymes play a pivotal role in fighting the oxidative stress and its key player, reactive oxygen species (ROS). Plants can also develop an epigenetic memory of the stress, by modulating the expression of genes involved in stress tolerance via the epigenetic code. With the rise in environmental challenges due to climate change in recent times, it is also important to underline the helpful role played by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in building more stress-resilient plants, and the diverse array of plant genera with which these PGPR can associate.

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Epigenetic regulation of abiotic stress responses in plants

Cited by 12 publications

References 156 publications

Gene fusions, micro-exons and splice variants define stress signaling by AP2/ERF and WRKY transcription factors in the sesame pan-genome

Gene fusions, micro-exons and splice variants define stress signaling by AP2/ERF and WRKY transcription factors in the sesame pan-genome

Plant DNA methylation is sensitive to parent seed N content and influences the growth of rice

Understanding the Impact of Global Climate Change on Abiotic Stress in Plants and the Supportive Role of PGPR

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