Epigenetic regulation in premature ovarian failure: A literature review

Abstract

Premature ovarian failure (POF), or premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease characterized by amenorrhea, decreased estrogen levels and increased female gonadotropin levels. The incidence of POF is increasing annually, and POF has become one of the main causes of infertility in women of childbearing age. The etiology and pathogenesis of POF are complex and have not yet been clearly elucidated. In addition to genetic factors, an increasing number of studies have revealed that epigenetic changes play an important role in the occurrence and development of POF. However, we found that very few papers have summarized epigenetic variations in POF, and a systematic analysis of this topic is therefore necessary. In this article, by reviewing and analyzing the most relevant literature in this research field, we expound on the relationship between DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA expression and the development of POF. We also analyzed how environmental factors affect POF through epigenetic modulation. Additionally, we discuss potential epigenetic biomarkers and epigenetic treatment targets for POF. We anticipate that our paper may provide new therapeutic clues for improving ovarian function and maintaining fertility in POF patients.

A Molecular Perspective and Role of NAD+ in Ovarian Aging

“…Several studies have highlighted the significance of epigenetic modifications, such as changes in DNA methylation levels, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression, in the aging process of germ cells and early embryos [48,49]. Abnormal DNA methylation on critical gene promoters in granulosa cells and cumulus cells has been associated with adverse effects on ovarian function in older women [50].…”

The Emerging Role of MicroRNAs in Female Reproductive Diseases

“…Investigating the various pathophysiological mechanisms underlying female reproductive disorders may provide specific targets for effective infertility treatment and the prevention of long-term complications in this patient population. Recent studies have suggested that noncoding RNAs may play a role in regulating the pathophysiology of female reproductive disorders [10][11][12], offering a potential avenue for novel treatment strategies. Over the past decade, a growing body of evidence has shown that noncoding RNAs, recognized as pivotal post-transcriptional regulators in various diseases, can also govern the physiological processes of sex steroid biosynthesis and secretion [10,13].…”