Epigenetic modulation during hippocampal development (Review)

Fan, Si‐Jing; Sun, Anbang

doi:10.3892/br.2018.1160

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Ultimately these changes are associated with differences in hippocampal function in adults sex-dependent manner, and these changes are associated with increased anxiety-like behavior and poorer performance in memory tasks in males [115,116]. Although much is known about changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications in the hippocampus throughout development [117], few studies address epigenetic modifications in this region of the brain in relation to sex or steroid hormone signaling. Tsai and colleagues [118] found a sex difference in histone acetylation in hippocampal tissue of neonatal mice which disappears when pups are treated gestationally with testosterone.…”

Section: Epigenetic Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgens and the developing hippocampus

Kight

McCarthy

2020

Biol Sex Differ

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The hippocampus is central to spatial learning and stress responsiveness, both of which differ in form and function in males versus females, yet precisely how the hippocampus contributes to these sex differences is largely unknown. In reproductively mature individuals, sex differences in the steroid hormone milieu undergirds many sex differences in hippocampal-related endpoints. However, there is also evidence for developmental programming of adult hippocampal function, with a central role for androgens as well as their aromatized byproduct, estrogens. These include sex differences in cell genesis, synapse formation, dendritic arborization, and excitatory/inhibitory balance. Enduring effects of steroid hormone modulation occur during two developmental epochs, the first being the classic perinatal critical period of sexual differentiation of the brain and the other being adolescence and the associated hormonal changes of puberty. The cellular mechanisms by which steroid hormones enduringly modify hippocampal form and function are poorly understood, but we here review what is known and highlight where attention should be focused.

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Section: Epigenetic Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgens and the developing hippocampus

Kight

McCarthy

2020

Biol Sex Differ

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“…Long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) are another type of non-coding RNA, and it was found that in lnc-RNA-Evf2-knockout mice, the number of interneurons was significantly reduced [ 113 ]. Evf2 recruits distal-less homeobox (DLX) and MeCP2 transcription factors, which are crucial for DNA regulation and expression, ultimately regulating the formation of hippocampal GABAergic interneurons [ 14 ]. In addition, the lack of lnc-RNA-Evf2 appeared to induce epilepsy [ 14 ], which indicates a lack of GABAergic interneurons or dysfunction allowing for runaway excitation [ 114 ].…”

Section: Epigenetic Regulation Of Hippocampal Interneuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, pro-apoptotic proteins, autophagosome markers, excitatory neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors may be involved in hippocampal neuropathy and cognitive impairment [ 6 , 7 ]. Recent studies have suggested that epigenetic mechanisms are involved not only in normal hippocampal development and regulation [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], but also in radiation-induced hippocampal pathophysiological changes leading to the development of neurological and neuropsychological disorders [ 15 ]. In this paper, we briefly introduce major mechanisms of epigenetic regulation, followed by a review of the epigenetic regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They package and order DNA into structural units known as nucleosomes, which are then condensed to form chromatin and subsequently further condensed into chromosomes [ 37 ]. Modifications to histone proteins include acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosylation, with the most well-studied modification being acetylation, and result in either transcriptional activation or repression [ 14 , 38 ]. Histone acetylation involves the addition of an acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), catalyzed by histone acetyltransferase (HATs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epigenetic Regulation of the Hippocampus, with Special Reference to Radiation Exposure

Saw

Tang

2020

IJMS

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The hippocampus is crucial in learning, memory and emotion processing, and is involved in the development of different neurological and neuropsychological disorders. Several epigenetic factors, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs, have been shown to regulate the development and function of the hippocampus, and the alteration of epigenetic regulation may play important roles in the development of neurocognitive and neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes the epigenetic modifications of various cell types and processes within the hippocampus and their resulting effects on cognition, memory and overall hippocampal function. In addition, the effects of exposure to radiation that may induce a myriad of epigenetic changes in the hippocampus are reviewed. By assessing and evaluating the current literature, we hope to prompt a more thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie radiation-induced epigenetic changes, an area which can be further explored.

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“…Epigenetic changes, such as histone modifications and DNA methylation, have an important role as they provide long‐term changes in cells after mitosis . Today, it is also known that histone modifications and DNA methylation affect synapse formation in the hippocampus .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hippocampal histone acetylation and HDAC inhibition on spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze in rats

Topuz

Gündüz

Tastekin

et al. 2019

Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma

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In recent years, it has been pointed out that epigenetic changes affect learning and memory formation. Particularly, it has been shown that histone acetylation and DNA methylation work in concert to regulate learning and memory formation. We aimed to examine whether acetylation of H2B within the rat hippocampus alters by trainings in the Morris water maze test. Male, 2–3 months old, Sprague Dawley rats were trained in Morris water maze task. Animals were given four trials per day for five consecutive days to locate a hidden platform. On the sixth day, the platform was removed and the animals were swum for 60 s. The effects of sodium butyrate, histone deacetylase inhibitor, were tested on normal and scopolamine‐induced memory‐impaired rats. The histone deacetylase inhibitor, sodium butyrate, increased histone H2B acetylation in normal rats. Sodium butyrate had no effect on learning and memory performance of normal rats; however, it partially ameliorated learning and memory disruption induced by scopolamine. So, the histone deacetylase inhibitors can be new treatment agent for cognitive disorders.

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Epigenetic modulation during hippocampal development (Review)

Cited by 6 publications

References 119 publications

Androgens and the developing hippocampus

Androgens and the developing hippocampus

Epigenetic Regulation of the Hippocampus, with Special Reference to Radiation Exposure

Effects of hippocampal histone acetylation and HDAC inhibition on spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze in rats

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