Epigenetic Modifications the Development of Different Heart Failure Phenotypes

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) remains a leading cause of death in patient population with known cardiovascular disease. Within last two decades there are evidences regarding decline to determine newel cases with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in developed countries, whereas the frequency of newly-diagnosed HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) exhibits dramatically rise. Epigenetic modification is considered a modification of the non-DNA sequences related heritable changes in gene expression of target cells. Epigenetic modifications affect several molecular mechanisms, i.e., DNA methylation and deactylation, ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, and microRNA regulation. The short commentary is clarified the implication of epigenetic modifications in development of different HF phenotypes.Keywords: Heart failure; Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; Epigenetics Short CommunicationHeart failure (HF) is a sufficient medical problem and social burden that associates with increased morbidity/mortality rate and disability rate in the developed countries [1]. Within last decades there is progressively decrease of prevalence of HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) [2]. In opposite, the frequency of newly-diagnosed HF with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF) appears to be raised [3]. These changes in presentation of HF phenotypes might relate to advance in contemporary of HF medical care [4], impact of age-related comorbidities and socioeconomic status [5][6][7][8]. Despite the implementation in routine clinical practice modern pharmacological strategy and none-drug therapy including implanted devices for mechanical support and pacing [8][9][10], the clinical outcomes in subjects with HFrEF and HFpEF remain similar [11].