Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy

Zeng, Jun; Chen, Baihua

doi:10.1159/000357824

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Studies have shown that DR may be due to persistent epigenetic modifications because the improvement of diabetes mellitus does not imply beneficial effects on DR even in the long term. This is corroborated by other evidence that has linked epigenetic modifications to complications of diabetes [166].…”

Section: Epigenetic Effects Of Agessupporting

confidence: 82%

Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs): Biochemistry, Signaling, Analytical Methods, and Epigenetic Effects

Perrone

Giovino

Benny

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

276

219

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The advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are organic molecules formed in any living organisms with a great variety of structural and functional properties. They are considered organic markers of the glycation process. Due to their great heterogeneity, there is no specific test for their operational measurement. In this review, we have updated the most common chromatographic, colorimetric, spectroscopic, mass spectrometric, and serological methods, typically used for the determination of AGEs in biological samples. We have described their signaling and signal transduction mechanisms and cell epigenetic effects. Although mass spectrometric analysis is not widespread in the detection of AGEs at the clinical level, this technique is highly promising for the early diagnosis and therapeutics of diseases caused by AGEs. Protocols are available for high-resolution mass spectrometry of glycated proteins although they are characterized by complex machine management. Simpler procedures are available although much less precise than mass spectrometry. Among them, immunochemical tests are very common since they are able to detect AGEs in a simple and immediate way. In these years, new methodologies have been developed using an in vivo novel and noninvasive spectroscopic methods. These methods are based on the measurement of autofluorescence of AGEs. Another method consists of detecting AGEs in the human skin to detect chronic exposure, without the inconvenience of invasive methods. The aim of this review is to compare the different approaches of measuring AGEs at a clinical perspective due to their strict association with oxidative stress and inflammation.

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Section: Epigenetic Effects Of Agessupporting

confidence: 82%

Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs): Biochemistry, Signaling, Analytical Methods, and Epigenetic Effects

Perrone

Giovino

Benny

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

276

219

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“…Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a neurovascular degenerative disease caused by multifactorial and complex mechanisms (Zeng & Chen ; Pusparajah et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical coherence tomography angiography and microvascular changes in diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review

Johannesen

Viken

Vergmann

et al. 2018

Acta Ophthalmologica

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To use optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to evaluate foveal microvascular changes in diabetes by comparing the area of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in healthy controls and patients with diabetes with no diabetic retinopathy (NDR) as well as different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR). A systematic literature search was performed based on the population, intervention, comparison and outcome (PICO) strategy by two independent reviewers. The search was performed in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library, including keywords 'diabetes mellitus', 'DR' and 'OCTA'. Of 358 studies initially identified, 215 studies were screened after duplicate removal. Of these, we included 12 (nine crosssectional and three retrospective) studies in this review. With the data at hand, it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis. The selected studies included patients with NDR (n = 8), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR, n = 8) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR, n = 6). Several of the studies provided information for more than one diabetic group. In general, there was a trend towards a larger area of FAZ in patients with diabetes. As compared to healthy controls, this was reported in patients with NDR (five of eight studies), NPDR (seven of eight studies) and PDR (six of six studies). Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is non-invasively able to identify foveal capillary non-perfusion as an early event in DR. In some studies, this has even been identified in patients without clinically identifiable microvascular lesions. Longitudinal studies would be needed to examine if OCTA-findings are able to predict long-term structural and functional outcome.

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“…This complication is expected to increase in the coming decades because of its limited treatment options, complex pathogenesis and lack of safe delivery systems to target the retina. 30,31 DR is a common microvascular dysfunction which is characterized by cellular capillary formation, inner blood-retinalbarrier breakdown, endothelial dysfunction, pericyte loss, thickening of the capillary basement membrane and microaneurisms (non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy). Finally, it will lead to the formation of leaky blood vessels and new fragile and end up with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and blindness.…”

Section: Diabetic Retinopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein as a Novel Potential Therapeutic Target in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Underlying Complications</p>

Wondafrash¹,

Nire'a²,

Tafere³

et al. 2020

DMSO

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder which is characterized by a persistent increment of blood glucose. Globally, DM affects millions of people and the prevalence is increasing alarmingly. The critical step in the pathophysiology of DM is the loss of βcells of the pancreas, which are responsible for the secretion of insulin. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is among the factors that control the production and loss of the pancreatic βcells. TXNIP is an α-arrestin that can bind and inhibit thioredoxin (the antioxidant protein) which is produced in the pancreatic islet after glucose intake. Numerous studies illustrated that elevated TXNIP levels were found to induce β-cell apoptosis; whereas TXNIP deficiency protects against type I and type II diabetes by promoting β-cell survival. Nowadays, TXNIP depletion is becoming a key factor in pancreatic β-cell survival enhancement. In the present review, targeting TXNIP is found to be relevant as a unique therapeutic opportunity, not only to improve insulin secretion and sensitivity, but also ameliorating the long term microvascular and macrovascular complications of the disease. Thus, TXNIP inhibitors that could reduce the expression and/or activity of TXNIP to non-diabetic levels are promising agents to halt the alarming rate of diabetes and its related complications.

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Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy

Cited by 25 publications

References 97 publications

Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs): Biochemistry, Signaling, Analytical Methods, and Epigenetic Effects

Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs): Biochemistry, Signaling, Analytical Methods, and Epigenetic Effects

Optical coherence tomography angiography and microvascular changes in diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review

<p>Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein as a Novel Potential Therapeutic Target in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Underlying Complications</p>

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