Epigenetic Links between Microbiota and Gestational Diabetes

Mora-Janiszewska, Olimpia; Faryniak-Zuzak, Anna; Darmochwał-Kolarz, Dorota

doi:10.3390/ijms23031831

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…There is growing evidence that the gut microbiota can influence host glucose metabolism and that dysregulation of the gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of GDM (Homayouni et al 2020 ; Wang et al 2020 ; Mora-Janiszewska et al 2022 ). An imbalanced gut microbiota is thought to affect the movement of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through the gut wall, leading to mucosal inflammation and endotoxemia (Morelli et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral probiotics increased the proportion of Treg, Tfr, and Breg cells to inhibit the inflammatory response and impede gestational diabetes mellitus

Liang,

Feng,

Yang

et al. 2023

Mol Med

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Background Children of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are more prone to acquire type 2 diabetes and obesity as adults. Due to this link, early intervention strategies that alter the gut microbiome may benefit the mother and kid long-term. This work uses metagenomic and transcriptome sequencing to investigate how probiotics affect gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation in GDM. Methods GDM and control metagenomic sequencing data were obtained from the SRA database. This metagenomic data helped us understand gut microbiota abundance and function. KEGG detected and extracted functional pathway genes. Transcriptome sequencing data evaluated GDM-related gene expression. Finally, GDM animal models were given probiotics orally to evaluate inflammatory response, regulatory immune cell fractions, and leptin protein levels. Results GDM patients had more Fusobacteria and Firmicutes, while healthy people had more Bacteroidetes. Gut microbiota composition may affect GDM by altering the L-aspartate and L-asparagine super pathways. Mannan degradation and the super pathway of L-aspartate and L-asparagine synthesis enhanced in GDM mice with leptin protein overexpression. Oral probiotics prevent GDM by lowering leptin. Oral probiotics increased Treg, Tfr, and Breg cells, which decreased TNF-α and IL-6 and increased TGF-β and IL-10, preventing inflammation and preserving mouse pregnancy. Conclusion Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota may increase leptin expression and cause GDM. Oral probiotics enhance Treg, Tfr, and Breg cells, which limit the inflammatory response and assist mice in sustaining normal pregnancy. Thus, oral probiotics may prevent GDM, enabling targeted gut microbiota modulation and maternal and fetal health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral probiotics increased the proportion of Treg, Tfr, and Breg cells to inhibit the inflammatory response and impede gestational diabetes mellitus

Liang,

Feng,

Yang

et al. 2023

Mol Med

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“…Fetal development could be further influenced by regulating genes required for the epigenomic reprogramming process in the utero. The altered microbiota seemed to be one of the most important participants of this process [141]. The microbiome derived SCFAs were widely accepted as substances in epigenetic regulation through targeting on GPCRs and/or HDACs discussed above, which served as a link between maternal microbiome and fetal health in GDM.…”

Section: The Epigenetic Links Between Gdm and Gut Microbiome And Thei...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between host and gut microbiota in gestational diabetes mellitus and their impacts on offspring

Wang,

Cui,

Yang

2024

BMC Microbiol

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation, and most studies have demonstrated gut dysbiosis in GDM pregnancies. Overall, they were manifested as a reduction in microbiome diversity and richness, depleted short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing genera and a dominant of Gram-negative pathogens releasing lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The SCFAs functioned as energy substance or signaling molecules to interact with host locally and beyond the gut. LPS contributed to pathophysiology of diseases through activating Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and involved in inflammatory responses. The gut microbiome dysbiosis was not only closely related with GDM, it was also vital to fetal health through vertical transmission. In this review, we summarized gut microbiota signature in GDM pregnancies of each trimester, and presented a brief introduction of microbiome derived SCFAs. We then discussed mechanisms of microbiome-host interactions in the physiopathology of GDM and associated metabolic disorders. Finally, we compared offspring microbiota composition from GDM with that from normal pregnancies, and described the possible mechanism.

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“…Існує гіпотеза, що зміни у МК можуть спричиняти епігенетичні зміни у дезоксирибонуклеїновій кислоті (ДНК) матері та новонародженого «діабетогенним» та «обесогенним» шляхом через свої метаболіти, такі, як ЛПС, фолат, вітаміни групи В, та ферменти, такі, як метилтрансферази, ацетилтрансферази, деацетилази [54,55].…”

Section: мікробіом порожнини рота зміна кількісного складу мікробіомуunclassified

“…Ці епігенетичні процеси змінюють експресію генів без модифікації нуклеотидної послідовності, але шляхом використання метилювання ДНК, модифікації гістонів, регуляції РНК та процесів ремоделювання хроматину, залежних від АТФ [54].…”

Section: мікробіом порожнини рота зміна кількісного складу мікробіомуunclassified

“…Під час вагітності кількість, склад та функціонування МК фізіологічно змінюється, що сприяє метаболічним та імунологічним змінам, корисним для здоров'я жінки та плода [12]. За нормальної вагітності протягом І триместра МК нагадує мікробіоту здорової невагітної жінки з переважанням Firmicutes над Bacteroides [13].…”

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Woman’s microbiome and obstetrical and perinatal risks: what do they have in common?

Artyomenko,

Mnikh,

Domakova

2023

RHW

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The article is devoted to the review of modern scientific publications about the microbiome of a woman and its importance in obstetric and perinatal practice. The composition of the microbiome is changed both in the process of human evolution and personally and in different periods of a person’s life. However, on the other hand, the microbiome is influenced by the specific environment in which a person lives. It consists of a certain collection of genomes of all microorganisms. Complications during pregnancy occur frequently, according to statistics – in every sixth pregnant woman, and pose a danger to the health of the mother and child.During pregnancy, the richness and diversity of the vaginal microbiome decreases, and different species of Lactobacillus play a dominant role. The microbiome stability is hypothesized to be associated with higher levels of estrogen concentration, absence of menstruation, and modification of cervical and vaginal fluids. During an uncomplicated pregnancy, the taxonomic composition of the vaginal microbiota remains stable with the exception of the period before labor, when there is an increase in microbial diversity. This makes the vaginal microbiome similar to that of a non-pregnant woman and is believed to be a trigger for the labor process to begin.The recent studies have determined a relationship between changes in the microbiome during pregnancy and the occurrence of complications in these women. Any change or disturbance in the microbiome balance can be involved in inflammatory processes, which can potentially have adverse effects on the course of pregnancy. A major interaction between the oral microbiome and preeclampsia involves the production of nitrogen derivatives, especially nitric oxide (NO). NO is produced from L-arginine via NO synthases (NOS), and is involved in vascular processes, especially vasodilation and tissue protection. Also, NO is indirectly involved in the processes that occur in the presence of chronic cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension and preeclampsia.In recent years, scientists have begun actively to study a correlation between changes in the gut microbiome and various nosologies regarding gestational diabetes. There is not much of this data at the moment. The gut microbiome is known to modulate insulin resistance and the inflammatory response, and changes in the microbiome may be associated with metabolic diseases. It is hypothesized that changes in the gut microbiome may lead to metabolic diseases through several mechanisms: abnormal intestinal permeability, increased absorption of lipopolysaccharide, abnormal production of short-chain fatty acids, altered conversion of primary bile acids, and enhanced production of bacterial toxins (e.g., trimethylamine-N-oxide).During full-term pregnancy, the “dynamic stability” of the vaginal microbiome is described as a higher concentration of Lactobacillus species starting at 20 weeks of gestation due to increased glycogen availability and a less complex and diverse microflora. This condition may be due to the lack of cyclical hormonal changes during pregnancy. Lactobacillus and small bacterial diversity are thought to be critical factors for the initiation of labor at the end of the pregnancy.Future therapeutic strategies are likely to be applied to modulate the composition of the microbiome, including the use of pro- and prebiotics and dietary modification. However, further research is needed to identify specific tools that can be used to develop personalized therapeutic approaches for individualized prevention and treatment.

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Epigenetic Links between Microbiota and Gestational Diabetes

Cited by 10 publications

References 114 publications

Oral probiotics increased the proportion of Treg, Tfr, and Breg cells to inhibit the inflammatory response and impede gestational diabetes mellitus

Oral probiotics increased the proportion of Treg, Tfr, and Breg cells to inhibit the inflammatory response and impede gestational diabetes mellitus

Interactions between host and gut microbiota in gestational diabetes mellitus and their impacts on offspring

Woman’s microbiome and obstetrical and perinatal risks: what do they have in common?

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