Epigenetic changes of osteoblasts in response to titanium surface characteristics

Abstract

We aimed to investigate the influence of titanium surface characteristics on epigenetic mechanisms and DNA damage/repair pathways. Osteoblast-like cells (MG63) were incubated on glass, smooth titanium, and minimally rough titanium discs, respectively, for 0, 1, 6, and 24 hr. The presence of double-stranded DNA damage (γH2AX), DNA repair (Chk2), and epigenetic markers (AcH3 & DNMT1) were investigated using immunofluorescence. There were no Chk2-positive cells on the minimally rough titanium surfaces at all-time points, in comparison to glass and smooth titanium. Total γH2AX-positive cells on minimally rough titanium gradually decreased as incubation time increased, on the contrary to smooth titanium. Minimally rough titanium surfaces induced cytoplasmic staining of DNMT1 up to 99% at 24 hr. For epigenetic markers related to the DNA damage/repair pathway, minimally rough titanium surfaces showed the lower percentage of AcH3-positive cells compared to glass and smooth titanium surface. The findings in the current study show that titanium surface characteristics indeed influence DNA damage and the DNA repair pathway, including epigenetic factors.

Surface Topography of Titanium Affects Their Osteogenic Potential through DNA Methylation

“…Several studies on implant surfaces and osteoblast differentiation have focused on the differences in the osteogenic potential of surfaces based on gene expression levels, without fundamentally considering the underlying molecular mechanisms. At present, only a few studies have reported that the surface topography of implants can alter their cellular activities [ 21 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. The primary hypothesis of this study was that the surface topography of Ti implants can modulate their cellular activities, such as cell morphology, proliferation, and differentiation, via differential gene expression based on epigenetics.…”

The Role of Titanium Particles and Ions in the Pathogenesis of Peri-Implantitis

“…However, more in-depth investigation is still needed before concluding a causal association between Ti particles and DNA methylation, as it is important to elucidate which genes are inactivated by this elevated DNA methylation, for example, genes associated with pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines, and genes associated with osteogenesis/osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, the effect of Ti particles and ions, released by either minimally-rough or smooth Ti surfaces, on peri-implant tissues needs to be evaluated, since a recent in vitro study demonstrated that smooth and moderately rough Ti surfaces affect epigenetic changes differently,[ 52 ] which were correlated with lower DNA damage/repair markers.…”

Influence of epigenetics on periodontitis and peri‐implantitis pathogenesis

“…It was recently found that biomaterials, material energy, and material topography also influence epigenetic patterns. 9,29,30 Moreover, infection and the host's immune response can induce changes in the epigenome that, in turn, enhance susceptibility to disease. These…”

“…110 Using titanium discs with either smooth or rough surfaces, it was shown that surface characteristics influence not only DNA damage and the DNA repair pathway, but also epigenetic factors. 29 Total γH2A histone family member X-positive cells on rough titanium decreased in proportion over time, while such cells grown 30 HDAC, histone deacetylase; RUNX2, runt-related transcription factor-2; TLR4, toll-like receptor-4 on smooth titanium did not. Rough titanium surfaces also induced more cytoplasmic staining of DNA methyltransferase-1 and lower histone acetylation than smooth titanium.…”