Epigenetic Biomarkers of Disease

Voyias, Philip; Patel, A.; Arasaradnam, Ramesh P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803239-8.00010-7

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…DNMT1 maintains and restores methylation patterns during DNA replication, whereas DNMT3a/3b set up de novo methylation patterns, primarily during embryonic development. In humans, the 5' cytosine is methylated to produce 5-methylcytosine, which fundamentally results in gene silencing, but also results in genomic imprinting and X-chromosome inactivation during embryonic development 1,21 .…”

Section: Dna Methylation and Its Role In Anterior Segment Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another distinct epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene transcription is through histone modification. Many enzymes, including histone acetyltransferases (HAT), deacetylase (HDACs), and methyltransferases, covalently modify histones via methylation, acetylation, deacetylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation 1 . Acetylation and deacetylation alter the balance of electrical charges on the histone, thereby affecting its affinity for binding DNA and chromatin plasticity.…”

Section: Post-translational Histone Modification and Anterior Segmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acetylation and deacetylation alter the balance of electrical charges on the histone, thereby affecting its affinity for binding DNA and chromatin plasticity. In general, acetylation induces relaxation of the chromatin which increases transcriptional activity, while deacetylation condenses the chromatin and decreases transcription 1,38 .…”

Section: Post-translational Histone Modification and Anterior Segmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies over the past decade have found associations between histone modification and ophthalmic diseases including fibrotic lens complications 39 , keratitis 40 , age related cataracts 41,42 , granular corneal dystrophy 43 , and aberrant corneal wound healing 12 . Recent studies of these histone acetylation pathways have led to new therapeutic targets, and numerous histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are being developed to target these pathways and potentially revolutionize medical treatment 1,39,40,42,[44][45][46][47] .…”

Section: Post-translational Histone Modification and Anterior Segmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As sequencing technology advances, recent studies have elucidated the role of epigenetics in aging and also in a variety of complex, multifactorial diseases within different fields of medicine including cancer, diabetes, autoimmune, vascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Epigenetic factors may help to explain the variable onset and severity of these diseases and also to serve as biomarkers and inspire targeted pharmaceutical development 1 . Several epigenetic mechanisms can interact with genetic factors to change disease phenotypes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epigenetic regulation of anterior segment diseases and potential therapeutics

et al. 2020

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In recent years, technological advances in sequencing have accelerated our understanding of epigenetics in ocular development and ophthalmic diseases. We now know that epigenetic modifications are necessary for normal ocular development and biological processes such as corneal wound healing and ocular surface repair, while aberrant epigenetic regulation underlies the pathogenesis of a wide range of ocular diseases, including cataracts and various diseases of the ocular surface. As the epigenetics of the eye is a constantly changing field of medicine, this comprehensive review focuses on innovations and scientific discoveries related to epigenetic control of anterior segment diseases that were published in the English literature in the past five years. These recent studies attempt to elucidate therapeutic targets for the anterior segment pathological processes. Already, recent studies have shown therapeutic potential in targeting epigenetic mechanisms of ocular disease, and new epigenetic therapies are on the verge of being introduced to clinical practice. New drug targets can potentially emerge as we make further discoveries within this field.

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Section: Dna Methylation and Its Role In Anterior Segment Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Post-translational Histone Modification and Anterior Segmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Post-translational Histone Modification and Anterior Segmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Post-translational Histone Modification and Anterior Segmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epigenetic regulation of anterior segment diseases and potential therapeutics

et al. 2020

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Epigenetic modulation of macrophage polarization- perspectives in diabetic wounds

Mallik

Jayashree

Shenoy

2018

Journal of Diabetes and its Complications

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Epigenetic Regulation in Urothelial Carcinoma

Tang

et al. 2024

CMM

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Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a common malignancy that remains a clinical challenge: Non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (NMIUC) has a high rate of recurrence and risk of progression, while muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) has a high mortality. Although some new treatments, such as immunotherapies, have shown potential effects on some patients, most cases of advanced UC remain incurable. While treatments based on epigenetic mechanisms, whether combined with traditional platinum-based chemotherapy or emerging immunotherapy, show therapeutic advantages. With the advancement of sequencing and bioinformatics, the study of epigenomics, containing DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA, is increasingly linked with the occurrence and progression of UC. Since the epigenetics of UC is a constantly developing field of medicine, this review aims to summarize the latest research on epigenetic regulation of UC, generalize the mechanism of epigenetics in UC, and reveal the potential epigenetic therapies in the clinical setting, in order to provide some new clues on the discovery of new drugs based on the epigenetics.

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Epigenetic Biomarkers of Disease

Cited by 5 publications

References 97 publications

Epigenetic regulation of anterior segment diseases and potential therapeutics

Epigenetic regulation of anterior segment diseases and potential therapeutics

Epigenetic modulation of macrophage polarization- perspectives in diabetic wounds

Epigenetic Regulation in Urothelial Carcinoma

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