Epigenetic and “redoxogenetic” adaptation to physical exercise

Radak, Zsolt; Pan, Lang; Zhou, Lei; Mozaffaritabar, Soroosh; Gu, Yaodong; A. Pinho, Ricardo; Zheng, Xu; Ba, Xueqing; Boldogh, Istvan

doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.005

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 93 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…While beyond the scope of this review, it is worth noting the relative merits of these approaches [ 2 ], also the advent of spatial transcriptomics [ 3 ], which offers tissue level resolution of transcript distribution (and proteins) in relation to co-localization to structures of scientific interest. More recently in exercise biomedicine, there has also been a focus on how exercise may alter gene expression through post-translational modification of DNA such as methylation and acetylation (silencing/activating) gene expression both acutely [ 4 , 5 ] affecting, and perhaps leaving sustained molecular footprints, termed muscle memory [ 6 ]. Readers are referred to several review articles [ 2 , 7 ], [ 8 ], [ 9 ], [ 10 ] if interested in methodologies to confer study at these biological levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic and proteomic applications to exercise biomedicine

Wilkinson,

Crossland,

Atherton

2024

Translational Exercise Biomedicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives ‘OMICs encapsulates study of scaled data acquisition, at the levels of DNA, RNA, protein, and metabolite species. The broad objectives of OMICs in biomedical exercise research are multifarious, but commonly relate to biomarker development and understanding features of exercise adaptation in health, ageing and metabolic diseases. Methods This field is one of exponential technical (i.e., depth of feature coverage) and scientific (i.e., in health, metabolic conditions and ageing, multi-OMICs) progress adopting targeted and untargeted approaches. Results Key findings in exercise biomedicine have led to the identification of OMIC features linking to heritability or adaptive responses to exercise e.g., the forging of GWAS/proteome/metabolome links to cardiovascular fitness and metabolic health adaptations. The recent addition of stable isotope tracing to proteomics (‘dynamic proteomics’) and metabolomics (‘fluxomics’) represents the next phase of state-of-the-art in ‘OMICS. Conclusions These methods overcome limitations associated with point-in-time ‘OMICs and can be achieved using substrate-specific tracers or deuterium oxide (D2O), depending on the question; these methods could help identify how individual protein turnover and metabolite flux may explain exercise responses. We contend application of these methods will shed new light in translational exercise biomedicine.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic and proteomic applications to exercise biomedicine

Wilkinson,

Crossland,

Atherton

2024

Translational Exercise Biomedicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Among the epigenetic mechanisms, DNA methylation has been widely studied in recent years, and involves the attachment of a methyl group to cytosines within CpG dinucleotides, leading to the formation of 5-methylcytosine. The regulation of gene expression through DNA methylation is transcendental for cellular function, both in physiological and pathological scenarios (Radak et al, 2023;Seaborne & Sharples, 2020;Seaborne, Strauss, Cocks, Shepherd, O'Brien, van Someren, et al, 2018;Widmann et al, 2019). Physical exercise transitory disrupts cellular homeostasis and imposes stress on the organism, prompting an adaptive response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA methylation changes during a sprint interval exercise performed under normobaric hypoxia or with blood flow restriction: A pilot study in men

Solsona,

Normand‐Gravier,

Borrani

et al. 2024

Physiological Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This crossover study evaluated DNA methylation changes in human salivary samples following single sprint interval training sessions performed in hypoxia, with blood flow restriction (BFR), or with gravity‐induced BFR. Global DNA methylation levels were evaluated with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Methylation‐sensitive restriction enzymes were used to determine the percentage methylation in a part of the promoter of the gene‐inducible nitric oxide synthase (p‐iNOS), as well as an enhancer (e‐iNOS). Global methylation increased after exercise (p < 0.001; dz = 0.50). A tendency was observed for exercise × condition interaction (p = 0.070). Post hoc analyses revealed a significant increase in global methylation between pre‐ (7.2 ± 2.6%) and postexercise (10.7 ± 2.1%) with BFR (p = 0.025; dz = 0.69). Methylation of p‐iNOS was unchanged (p > 0.05). Conversely, the methylation of e‐iNOS increased from 0.6 ± 0.4% to 0.9 ± 0.8% after exercise (p = 0.025; dz = 0.41), independently of the condition (p > 0.05). Global methylation correlated with muscle oxygenation during exercise (r = 0.37, p = 0.042), while e‐iNOS methylation showed an opposite association (r = −0.60, p = 0.025). Furthermore, p‐iNOS methylation was linked to heart rate (r = 0.49, p = 0.028). Hence, a single sprint interval training increases global methylation in saliva, and adding BFR tends to increase it further. Lower muscle oxygenation is associated with augmented e‐iNOS methylation. Finally, increased cardiovascular strain results in increased p‐iNOS methylation.

show abstract