Epidural Clonidine Produces Antinociception, But Not Hypotension, In Sheep

Brachial plexus block with bupivacaine: effects of added alpha-adrenergic agonists: comparison between clonidine and epinephrine

“…[4][5][6][7] Several experimental and clinical studies have shown that alpha2 adrenergic agonists were able to prolong the dura-CAN J ANAESTH 1991 / 38:7/pp 870-5 tion of action of local anaesthetics and/or to produce analgesia after epidural and intrathecal administration. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Recent reports also pointed out that clonidine, an alpha2 agonist, may have benefited patients when it was injected at peripheral nerve sites: after femoral nerve blocks with either lidocaine or bupivacaine, the analgesia obtained with clonidine lasted longer than analgesia obtained with epinephrine. 15-~6 No information is available on the efficacy and possible side-effects of clonidine injected with bupivacaine for brachial plexus blocks.…”

The Influence of Adjuvants Used in Regional Anesthesia on Lidocaine-Induced Neurotoxicity In Vitro

“…29Y32 In general, clonidine has a well-accepted safety profile for epidural and intrathecal application. 33,34 Regarding peripheral nerve blocks, activation of >2A-adrenoceptors by perineural application of clonidine was reported to reduce the degree of hypersensitivity by altering the balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. 35 As with epinephrine, the only reported possible cause of neurotoxicity of clonidine may be local vasoconstriction and subsequent altered capillary permeability seen after chronic application.…”

Thoracic Epidural Clonidine Attenuates Haemodynamic Responses Induced by Endobronchial Intubation

“…16 In sheep, 300 µg of epidural clonidine produced antinociception within 15 min, with peak analgesia 45 -60 min after injection. 17,18 In a human study sedation occurred approximately 10 -20 min after epidural injection of 90 µg or 180 µg clonidine and mean arterial pressure and HR decreased from baseline after an epidural injection of 180 µg clonidine. 19 Thus, in the present study, we administered clonidine by epidural injection 20 min before anaesthetic SU Choi, CH Lim, HW Lee et al…”