Epidural Abscess and Sigmoid Sinus Thrombosis as Intracranial Complications of the Middle Ear Cholesteatoma

Abstract

The otogenic intracranial complications are rare manifestations in modern era of antibiotics. An early antibiotic therapy often covers typical clinical signs and symptoms for each complication. A sigmoid sinus thrombosis is often associated with other intracranial complications, as in this case, an epidural abscess. We are presenting a case of 12-year-old girl with the sigmoid sinus thrombosis and epidural abscess as complications of chronic infection to the middle ear with cholesteatoma. In the active phase of chronic inflammation of the middle ear she was treated with the antibiotic therapy that covered early symptoms of intracranial complication development. A humid attic perforation of the tympanic membrane with protrusion of choleastoma and evident signs of bony wall destruction to the external auditory canal was noticed by performing routine otomicroscopy and otoendoscopic examination. Assuming intracranial complication, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the endocranium was undertaken. The MRI showed inflammatory changes of both middle ears with intracranial complications: the right sigmoid sinus thrombosis and epidural abscess of the same side. During the surgery we have noticed an extensive middle ear cholesteatoma with significant destruction of the bony tissue and purulent collection between sigmoid sinus changed with granulation and respective dural segment of the posterior cranial cavity. Timely diagnosis, multidisciplinary approach with an adequate choice of the antibiotic therapy and surgical technique have a crucial prognostic significance.