Epididymitis in the Prepuberal Boy

Epididymitis in Children: Is Further Investigation Necessary after the First Episode?

“…Lewis et al [3], for example, presented 84 epididymitis cases in a group of 238 children with acute scrotum (35%). Furthermore, other researchers have suggested that this pathology is as frequent as testicular torsion [9]. Acute epididymitis corresponded to 8% of all our cases of testicular surgical explorations.…”

“…This latter etiology is the most frequently observed in young children [5]. It has been suggested that there may be the presence of a reflux of sterile or infected urine into the ejaculatory ducts [9]. Usually, this reflux is stopped by an oblique course of the genital tract to the posterior urethra.…”

Testicular Abscess Due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in an Infant with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

“…Testicular abscesses are thought to occur either through hematogenous spread of organisms or, in the presence of urinary tract infection, by reflux through the vas deferens [7]. In our case, although the patient's scrotum was not surgically explored, the physical and sonographic findings consistent with a testicular abscess and concomitant bacteremia are strong evidence that S. pneumoniae was the causative pathogen.…”

“…The finding of an enlarged, tender scrotum in a prepubertal child suggests either testicular torsion or incarcerated hernia, and diagnostic evaluation is directed at ruling out these acute entities [7]. Pyogenic epididymo-orchitis is an unusual finding in this age group, and few cases have been reported; pathogens isolated in these cases include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, and Haemophilus influenzae [8][9][10].…”

Evaluating the Necessity of Antibiotics in the Treatment of Acute Epididymitis in Pediatric Patients

“…5 The literature on epididymitis varies regarding peak age of diagnosis, with some studies showing a bimodal distribution in infancy and prepuberty, whereas others have shown a peak incidence around the time of puberty or in late adolescence. [6][7][8][9][10][11] In most cases of pediatric epididymitis, the exact etiology is never confirmed, but published literature suggests the cause is usually due to viral infections, trauma, or postinfectious inflammation. 12 Multiple retrospective studies have been published demonstrating that urinalyses and urine cultures in children with epididymitis are usually negative.…”