Epididymal Metastasis of Cholangiocarcinoma, an Extremely Rare Event: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Metastatic carcinoma to the epididymis is a very rare occurrence. Since the last 20 years, there have been only 13 cases reported in the English literature so far. The majority of the previous case reports presented with scrotal swelling and the most common primary carcinoma metastatic to epididymis has been prostatic adenocarcinoma. The size of the tumors has been small and below 5-cm. The age range has been 50 to 77 years. Herein we report the largest reported metastatic carcinoma to the epididymis (6-cm) in the youngest patient reported (36-year-old). Also, the second case of metastatic cholangiocarcinoma to the epididymis.

Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Uptake in the Scrotum and Epididymis on PET-CT: When is it Pathological?

“…[ 7 8 9 ] Epididymal tumors are uncommon, with 94% of lesions found to be benign. [ 10 ] Metastatic tumors to the epididymis are exceedingly rare, with the first case of metastatic prostate cancer to the epididymis reported in 1944 and less than 30 cases reported in the literature to date. [ 9 11 12 13 ] Proposed theories regarding dissemination routes include arterial embolization, retrograde venous extension, lymphatic extension, or retrograde intraluminal spread through the vas deferens.…”