Epidermodysplasia verruciformis in the setting of graft-versus-host disease

Epidermodysplasia-Verruciformis-Like Eruption Associated with Gamma-Papillomavirus Infection in a Patient with Adult T-Cell Leukemia

“…Although in most cases clinical and histological features of the warts [17,42,43,46,47,48] and the associated HPV types [17,46,48] in immunosuppressed patients do not differ from those in the general population, rare cases of acquired EV-like eruption have been reported in immunosuppressed patients, including patients with organ transplants [15,16,17,18,19], lepromatous leprosy [49], Hodgkin lymphoma [20], systemic lupus erythematosus [21,22], human immunodeficiency virus infection [19,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,50,51], severe combined immune deficiency caused by γc or JAK3 deficiency after hemopoietic stem cell transplantation [35], and in the setting of graft-versus-host disease [36]. Treatment with biological agents may also increase the risk for HPV infections including acquired EV [52].…”

“…Therefore, β-papillomaviruses may be commensals of the human skin and harmless for the general population, although their roles in the development of nonmelanoma skin cancers, particularly in immunosuppressed patients, have been suggested [12,13,14]. In addition, acquired EV-like eruption associated with β-papillomavirus infection has occasionally been described in immunosuppressed patients [15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36]. …”

Viral diseases

“…548 There is a susceptibility to specific strains of HPV (the so-called β papillomaviruses), which lead to the development of disseminated plane wart-like lesions and, in some patients, lesions resembling pityriasis versicolor. 548,550 EV has also been reported in patients with HIV infection, [551][552][553][554][555] and in the setting of GVHD, 556 and CD8 + T-cell lymphocytopenia. Individuals with EV are not prone to other infections, either viral, bacterial, or fungal, or abnormally susceptible to other HPV infections, although concurrent HPV infection with non-EV strains has been reported.…”

The transmembrane channel-like protein family and human papillomaviruses

“…Compared with primary EV, however, EV-HIV patients appear to have lower rates of malignant transformation, possibly due to the rarity of EV in this population. EV and EV-like syndromes have also been described in organ transplant recipients 58 , 59 and in systemic lupus erythematosus 60 . Of note, immunosuppression per se is insufficient for the initiation and/or maintenance of EV-HPV pathogenesis or oncogenesis, as there is a lack of persistent cutaneous lesions with high levels of EV-HPV DNA replication among patients with genetic, acquired, or iatrogenic depression of CMI.…”