Epidermal-skin-test 1000 (EST-1000)—A new reconstructed epidermis for in vitro skin corrosivity testing

Hoffmann, Jéssica Fernanda; Heisler, Eckhard; Karpinski, Sonja; Losse, J.; Thomas, Dafydd A.; Siefken, Wilfried; Ahr, Hans-Juergen; Vohr, H.-W.; Fuchs, Horst W.

doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2005.06.010

Cited by 54 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…RHE equivalents such as skin pharmacological models have been successfully applied to in vitro characterization of skin barrier functions [1,2,3], skin absorption processes [4,5], drug metabolism [6] and corrosion/irritation predictions [7,8,9,10]. Validated models are commercially available as EpiSkin® (SkinEthic Laboratories, France), EpiDerm® (MatTek Cooperation, USA), and EST-1000 (Cell Systems, Germany) [11] but also in-house models have been utilized [12,13,14] for the assessment of in vitro skin corrosion of chemicals. Excellent reviews have been published to allow correct classification of corrosive chemicals and those likely to be severe irritants [10,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Antimicrobial Effect of Chlorhexidine Digluconate and Octenidine Dihydrochloride on Reconstructed Human Epidermis

Müller

Langer

Siebert³

et al. 2013

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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The objective of the present investigation was to examine the residual antimicrobial activity after a topical exposure of reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) to equimolar solutions of either chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG, 0.144% w/v) or octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT, 0.1% w/v) for 15 min. RHE-associated antiseptic agents were more effective on Staphylococcus aureus than on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. S. aureus was not detected after 24 h of contact, which demonstrated a microbicidal efficacy of greater than 5-log₁₀ reduction. In contrast, P. aeruginosa was reduced by approximately 2 log₁₀ at the same incubation time, which parallels the growth of the initial inoculum. This result could be interpreted either as a microbiostatic effect or as an adherence of P. aeruginosa to a low positively charged surface. Small amounts of CHG and OCT can penetrate the stratum corneum. Using these antiseptic agents, the viability of keratinocytes was reduced to 65-75% of that of the untreated RHE control following 24 h incubation in the presence of test microorganisms. With consideration of antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic effect, OCT corresponds better to a biocompatible antiseptic agent than CHG.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Antimicrobial Effect of Chlorhexidine Digluconate and Octenidine Dihydrochloride on Reconstructed Human Epidermis

Müller

Langer

Siebert³

et al. 2013

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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show abstract

“…RhE models in general are commercially available in a number of different regions (Deshmukh et al, 2012;Kojima et al, 2012;Kandarova et al, 2009a,b;Spielmann et al, 2007;Hoffmann et al, 2005), and easily handled and used according to the testing protocol. For regions where RhE models are not (yet) commercially available or may not be imported, ''open-source'' tissue projects are underway to allow the in house creation of RhE models according to commonly agreed production standards (Poumay et al, 2004;Poumay and Coquette, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability of in vitro tests for skin irritation and corrosion to regulatory classification schemes: Substantiating test strategies with data from routine studies

Kolle

Sullivan

Mehling

et al. 2012

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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“…This was, for example, recently done in an OECD guideline for skin corrosion, inter alia defining 12 reference chemicals, that has already been applied. 90,91 We propose that not only similar tests have to comply with performance standards, but also new test variants resulting from further development or the need for more experimental freedom, giving the concept a broader application.…”

Section: Guideline Versus Standardized Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward an evidence-based toxicology

2006

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The increasing demands on toxicology of large-scale risk assessment programmes for chemicals and emerging or expanding areas of chemical use suggest it is timely to review the toxicological toolbox. Like in clinical medicine, where an evidence-based medicine (EBM) is critically reviewing traditional approaches, toxicology has the opportunity to reshape and enlarge its methodology and approaches on the basis of compounded scientific knowledge. Such revision would have to be based on structured reviews of current practice, ie, assessment of test performance characteristics, mechanistic understanding, extended quality assurance, formal validation and the use of integrated testing strategies. This form of revision could optimize the balance between safety, costs and animal welfare, explicitly stating and, where possible, quantifying uncertainties. After a self-critical reassessment of current practices and evaluation of the thus generated information, such an evidence-based toxicology (EBT) promises to make better use of resources and to increase the quality of results, facilitating their interpretation. It shall open up hazard and also risk assessments to new technologies, flexibly accommodating current and future mechanistic understanding. An EBT will be better prepared to answer the continuously growing safety demands of modern societies.

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Epidermal-skin-test 1000 (EST-1000)—A new reconstructed epidermis for in vitro skin corrosivity testing

Cited by 54 publications

References 8 publications

Residual Antimicrobial Effect of Chlorhexidine Digluconate and Octenidine Dihydrochloride on Reconstructed Human Epidermis

Residual Antimicrobial Effect of Chlorhexidine Digluconate and Octenidine Dihydrochloride on Reconstructed Human Epidermis

Applicability of in vitro tests for skin irritation and corrosion to regulatory classification schemes: Substantiating test strategies with data from routine studies

Toward an evidence-based toxicology

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