Epidermal Signalling and the Control of Plant Shoot Growth

Ingram, Gwyneth

doi:10.1007/7089_2007_140

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Cortical microtubules were shown to orient according to the direction of main tension in the epidermis (Hamant et al, 2008 ; Jacques et al, 2013 ; Sampathkumar et al, 2014 ), and the pressurized shell model of the SAM was hypothesized to support this conclusion (Hamant et al, 2008 ). A stiffer epidermis that is limiting for growth would make it a key tissue to respond to internal and external signals or perturbations (Ingram, 2008 ; Savaldi-Goldstein and Chory, 2008 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically, the Shoot Apical Meristem of Arabidopsis Behaves like a Shell Inflated by a Pressure of About 1 MPa

et al. 2015

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In plants, the shoot apical meristem contains the stem cells and is responsible for the generation of all aerial organs. Mechanistically, organogenesis is associated with an auxin-dependent local softening of the epidermis. This has been proposed to be sufficient to trigger outgrowth, because the epidermis is thought to be under tension and stiffer than internal tissues in all the aerial part of the plant. However, this has not been directly demonstrated in the shoot apical meristem. Here we tested this hypothesis in Arabidopsis using indentation methods and modeling. We considered two possible scenarios: either the epidermis does not have unique properties and the meristem behaves as a homogeneous linearly-elastic tissue, or the epidermis is under tension and the meristem exhibits the response of a shell under pressure. Large indentation depths measurements with a large tip (~size of the meristem) were consistent with a shell-like behavior. This also allowed us to deduce a value of turgor pressure, estimated at 0.82±0.16 MPa. Indentation with atomic force microscopy provided local measurements of pressure in the epidermis, further confirming the range of values obtained from large deformations. Altogether, our data demonstrate that the Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem behaves like a shell under a MPa range pressure and support a key role for the epidermis in shaping the shoot apex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically, the Shoot Apical Meristem of Arabidopsis Behaves like a Shell Inflated by a Pressure of About 1 MPa

et al. 2015

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“…The epidermal cell layer and associated structural appendages such as trichomes, together with the cuticle form the primary physical and chemical barriers that protect plants against multiple stresses (Glover, 2000;Sieber et al, 2000;Schilmiller et al, 2008;Javelle et al, 2011b). Furthermore, the surface properties of plants are dynamic and can change in response to stress, therefore influencing the physiology of the plant (Lu et al, 1996;Ingram et al, 2000;Abe et al, 2003;Ingram, 2008;Kosma et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Pleiotropic Phenotypes of the sticky peel Mutant Provide New Insight into the Role of CUTIN DEFICIENT2 in Epidermal Cell Function in Tomato

et al. 2012

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Plant epidermal cells have evolved specialist functions associated with adaptation to stress. These include the synthesis and deposition of specialized metabolites such as waxes and cutin together with flavonoids and anthocyanins, which have important roles in providing a barrier to water loss and protection against UV radiation, respectively. Characterization of the sticky peel (pe) mutant of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) revealed several phenotypes indicative of a defect in epidermal cell function, including reduced anthocyanin accumulation, a lower density of glandular trichomes, and an associated reduction in trichome-derived terpenes. In addition, pe mutant fruit are glossy and peels have increased elasticity due to a severe reduction in cutin biosynthesis and altered wax deposition. Leaves of the pe mutant are also cutin deficient and the epicuticular waxes contain a lower proportion of long-chain alkanes. Direct measurements of transpiration, together with chlorophyll-leaching assays, indicate increased cuticular permeability of pe leaves. Genetic mapping revealed that the pe locus represents a new allele of CUTIN DEFICIENT2 (CD2), a member of the class IV homeodomain-leucine zipper gene family, previously only associated with cutin deficiency in tomato fruit. CD2 is preferentially expressed in epidermal cells of tomato stems and is a homolog of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ANTHOCYANINLESS2 (ANL2). Analysis of cuticle composition in leaves of anl2 revealed that cutin accumulates to approximately 60% of the levels observed in wild-type Arabidopsis. Together, these data provide new insight into the role of CD2 and ANL2 in regulating diverse metabolic pathways and in particular, those associated with epidermal cells.

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CLE peptides act via the receptor-like kinase CRINKLY 4 in Physcomitrium patens gametophore development

Shumbusho,

Harrison,

Demko

2024

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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The CLAVATA pathway plays a key role in the regulation of multicellular shoot and root meristems in flowering plants. In Arabidopsis, CLAVATA 3-like signaling peptides (CLEs) act via receptor-like kinases CLAVATA 1 and CRINKLY 4 (CR4). In the moss Physcomitrium patens , PpCLAVATA and PpCR4 were previously studied independently and shown to play conserved roles in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. The plant calpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL 1 (DEK1) has been identified as another key regulator of cell division and cell fate in vascular plants and bryophytes. The functional interaction between CLAVATA, CR4, and DEK1 remains unknown. Here, we show that P. patens crinkly4 and dek1 mutants respond differently to CLE peptide treatments suggesting their distinct roles in the CLAVATA pathway. Reduced CLAVATA-mediated suppression of leafy shoot growth in Δcr4 mutants indicates that PpCR4 is involved in CLV3p perception, most likely as a receptor. The CLV3p strongly suppressed leaf vein development in Δcr4 mutants, suggesting that other receptors are involved in these processes and indicating a potential role of PpCR4 in organ sensitization to CLEs.

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Epidermal Signalling and the Control of Plant Shoot Growth

Cited by 3 publications

References 109 publications

Mechanically, the Shoot Apical Meristem of Arabidopsis Behaves like a Shell Inflated by a Pressure of About 1 MPa

Mechanically, the Shoot Apical Meristem of Arabidopsis Behaves like a Shell Inflated by a Pressure of About 1 MPa

Pleiotropic Phenotypes of the sticky peel Mutant Provide New Insight into the Role of CUTIN DEFICIENT2 in Epidermal Cell Function in Tomato

CLE peptides act via the receptor-like kinase CRINKLY 4 in Physcomitrium patens gametophore development

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