2008
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.02.038
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Epidermal Sensing of Oxygen Is Essential for Systemic Hypoxic Response

Abstract: Skin plays an essential role, mediated in part by its remarkable vascular plasticity, in adaptation to environmental stimuli. Certain vertebrates, such as amphibians, respond to hypoxia in part through the skin; but it is unknown whether this tissue can influence mammalian systemic adaptation to low oxygen levels. We have found that epidermal deletion of the hypoxia-responsive transcription factor HIF-1alpha inhibits renal erythropoietin (EPO) synthesis in response to hypoxia. Conversely, mice with an epiderma… Show more

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Cited by 161 publications
(186 citation statements)
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“…Our model could also allow for potentially beneficial effects of augmented HIF-1␣ activation, such as increased respiration and nitric oxide production, because HIF-1␣ plays a role in promoting both (45)(46)(47)(48). We therefore propose that the Tibetan population has enriched specific haplotypes of the PHD2 and HIF2A genes to reconfigure the HIF pathway to facilitate high altitude adaptation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Our model could also allow for potentially beneficial effects of augmented HIF-1␣ activation, such as increased respiration and nitric oxide production, because HIF-1␣ plays a role in promoting both (45)(46)(47)(48). We therefore propose that the Tibetan population has enriched specific haplotypes of the PHD2 and HIF2A genes to reconfigure the HIF pathway to facilitate high altitude adaptation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…80 Although endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) has a prototypic role in regulating vascular function, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) have recently emerged as important mediators of vascular reactivity and tissue perfusion in experimental models. [81][82][83] For example, eNOS expression is increased during exercise, 84 and its regulation may help to maintain microvascular health. 85 Recently, HIF-derived increases in skin iNOS expression have been shown to divert blood flow toward the skin, causing a reduction in kidney perfusion and accentuating renal hypoxic responses.…”
Section: Nos-derived No Mediates Cardiovascular Responsesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…85 Recently, HIF-derived increases in skin iNOS expression have been shown to divert blood flow toward the skin, causing a reduction in kidney perfusion and accentuating renal hypoxic responses. 82 Finally, nNOS has been implicated in the regulation of a number of important cardiovascular responses: 1) In the brain, nNOS facilitates synaptic transmission and controls neuronal regulation of HR and mean arterial pressure; 86,87 nNOS can also regulate neurovascular control of cerebral blood flow; 88,89 2) In the heart, nNOS affects contraction and relaxation of cardiac myocytes by regulating intracellular calcium; 90 Fig. 3 Representative diagram of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve demonstrating estimated microvascular blood oxygen saturation (S mv O 2 ) levels derived from measured microvascular PO 2 levels in control, anemic, and anemic b-blocked rats.…”
Section: Nos-derived No Mediates Cardiovascular Responsesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…À droite, l'adaptation à une hypoxie plus prolongée (> 5 heures ) fait intervenir les facteurs HIF-1 et une modulation du flux sanguin. L'intensité du flux sanguin est illustrée par la largeur des flèches rouges, et la vasodilatation ou la vasoconstriction cutanée par la largeur des vaisseaux (inspiré de [5] cérébrale est impliquée dans la réponse aiguë à l'hypoxie, et qu'elle précède la réponse rénale, comme un garde-fou préservant l'oxygénation du cerveau dans l'urgence. Il semble donc que le rôle de l'EPO du cerveau soit moins confidentiel qu'on ne le pense et contribue à la régulation systémique de la réponse à l'hypoxie.…”
Section: Les Astrocytes : Source D'epo Lors D'une Hypoxie Aiguëunclassified
“…Les observations d'une synthèse d'EPO par les astrocytes [4], ou encore d'une sensibilité directe des kératinocy-tes à la concentration en oxygène de l'air ambiant (par analogie avec le modèle des amphibiens) sont restées marginales ou considérées comme des processus de régulation purement locaux. L'équipe de Randall S. Johnson, de l'UCSD (University of California San Diego), remet en question ce dogme dans deux articles publiés dans Cell en 2008 [5] et J Clin Invest en 2009 [6] en démontrant que la peau et les cellules gliales du système nerveux prennent une part active à la réponse systémique à l'hypoxie et notamment dans le contrôle de la synthèse d'EPO. La stratégie expérimentale utilisée est la même dans les deux articles : analyse de la réaction à l'hypoxie de souris dont les gènes hif et vhl sont sélectivement inactivés dans la peau ou les astrocytes.…”
unclassified