“…In addition to malaria, toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and other viral infections, pregnant women may be infected with a wide variety of bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections including bacterial vaginosis (BV), vaginal candidiasis, trichomoniasis, 1,2 asymptomatic bacteriuria/urinary tract infections (AB/UTI) most often caused by Escherichia coli, 3 intestinal nematode infections (Trichuris, Ascaris, and hookworm), 4 dental and periodontal disease, 5,6 and skin infections (scabies, bacterial and fungal infections), which are common under conditions of poor hygiene, poor nutritional status, and overcrowding. 7,8 Compared with pregnancy, BV is reportedly more prevalent during lactation, 9 whereas periodontal disease (but not periodontitis) and associated microflora are less common in lactating women. 10 Information on other infections during lactation is largely limited to those transmitted during breast-feeding such as HIV 11,12 and cytomegalovirus, 13 mammary infections produced by Staphylococcus spp.…”