Epidermal Langerhans cells are derived from cells originating in bone marrow

Katz, Stephen I.; Tamaki, Kunihiko; Sachs, David H.

doi:10.1038/282324a0

Cited by 830 publications

(295 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Significant differences between values for the samples were determined by a one-tailed, paired Student's t test and are denoted by horizontal lines and asterisks as follows: ‫,ء‬ P value of Ͻ0.05; ‫,ءء‬ P value of Ͻ0.01. (20,31,38,39,45,60). TNF-␣, IL-6, IL-1␤, and TGF␤1 have all been linked to initiation of DC differentiation.…”

Section: Relative To Mock-infected Cells) Measured By Qrt-pcr Of Tnf-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Interleukin-10 Expressed by Human Cytomegalovirus during the Latent Phase of Infection Modulates Latently Infected Myeloid Cell Differentiation

Avdic

Cao

Cheung

et al. 2011

J Virol

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The human cytomegalovirus UL111A gene is expressed during latent and productive infections, and it codes for homologs of interleukin-10 (IL-10). We examined whether viral IL-10 expressed during latency altered differentiation of latently infected myeloid progenitors. In comparison to infection with parental virus or mock infection, latent infection with a virus in which the gene encoding viral IL-10 has been deleted upregulated cytokines associated with dendritic cell (DC) formation and increased the proportion of myeloid DCs. These data demonstrate that viral IL-10 restricts the ability of latently infected myeloid progenitors to differentiate into DCs and identifies an immunomodulatory role for viral IL-10 which may limit the host's ability to clear latent virus.

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Section: Relative To Mock-infected Cells) Measured By Qrt-pcr Of Tnf-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Interleukin-10 Expressed by Human Cytomegalovirus during the Latent Phase of Infection Modulates Latently Infected Myeloid Cell Differentiation

Avdic

Cao

Cheung

et al. 2011

J Virol

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“…The description of these populations is still ongoing and their lineage(s) is (are) still to be defined precisely, even though their bone marrow, CD34 ϩ hematopoietic precursor cell origin is certain [1][2][3]. Langerhans cells (LC) are the immature DC in the epidermis and in other epithelia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells have a phenotype comparable to that of dermal dendritic cells and display ultrastructural granules distinct from Birbeck granules

Grassi

Dezutter‐Dambuyant

McIlroy

et al. 1998

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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Most monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) display CD1a, like Langerhans cells (LC) and some dermal DC, but their relationship with these skin DC remains unclear. To address this issue, we studied the expression of different antigens characteristic of skin DC and of monocyte/macrophages in CD1a ؉ and CD1a ؊ monocyte-derived DC. Their phenotype indicated that they may be related to dermal DC rather than to LC, i.e., they were all CD11b-positive, and 72% were Factor XIIIapositive, but they did not express E-cadherin nor VLA-6. It is interesting that CD1a ؉ and CD1a

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“…Recently the importance of skin-associated lymphoid tissues (SALT) in the presentation of contact allergens to the immune system has been fully appreciated (26). Antigen processing, presentation and recognition is apparently mediated in the epidermis by cells of mesenchymal origin (27)(28)(29)(30)(31). Epidermal Langerhans cells, though small in number, may contain those binding sites for the formation of immunogenic complexes with allergens (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Contact Dermatitis in Guinea Pigs by Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: The Mechanism of Antigen Formation

Schallreuter¹,

Kh²,

Wood³

1986

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Eight quaternary ammonium compounds were tested for their ability to induce contact dermatitis in guinea pigs by using a modified Freund's complete adjuvant test together with the guinea pig maximization test. Only two quaternary ammonium salts of the eight tested could be designated as strong allergens. These two active substances were shown to be capable of stable association with membrane lipids in forming immunogenic complexes.This surface complexation phenomenon was confirmed by using a spin-labeled quaternary ammonium salt which competed for binding sites at the surface of epidermal cells in vivo. Electron spin resonance was used to demonstrate that stable "ion-pairs" are formed between binding sites and the two allergenic preservatives. Furthermore, information was obtained on the kinetics of immunogenic complex formation as well as on the position and orientation of the quaternary ammonium ion at the cell surface.The initial contact reaction between allergens and specific molecules in membranes which combine to form immunogenic complexes in the skin has escaped definition (1). This reaction is complicated by the large number of chemical substances which are capable of causing both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. It is clear that such delayed hypersensitivity reactions can be induced by a variety of chemical mechanisms. Reactive compounds include: those which form covalent complexes with cell surface proteins (1), metal ions which form a variety of coordination complexes with cell surface ligands (2), compounds which form hydrogen bonds with surface proteins to bring about structural alterations through conformational changes (3), and simple cations which are able to form "ion-pairs" with negatively charged binding sites. It mium, forming a large number of coordination complexes with cell surface ligands. The lack of specificity of most allergens in their reactivity with all proteins makes the search for specific immunogenic complexes formed by the initial contact interaction similar to the proverbial search for a needle in a haystack (4). Even the application of radioisotopic methods has failed thus far.The quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) as possible inducers of delayed contact hypersensitivity were chosen for three reasons: these substances are in widespread use as preservatives and disinfectants, and they are often applied to the skin directly in cosmetics and in medications; quats have a uniform structure with a single active site composed of a quaternary ammonium cation which can form ion-pairs with negatively charged groups; and the induction of allergic contact dermatitis by quats remained controversial. Some reports indicated that quats were allergens or irritants (5-16) while others were not.We present here a systematic study of the ability of a homologous series of quats to cause delayed hypersensitivity reactions in guinea pigs to determine which structural features are important to this allergenicity. Taking advantage of the specificity of this reaction by using a spin-labele...

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Epidermal Langerhans cells are derived from cells originating in bone marrow

Cited by 830 publications

References 9 publications

Viral Interleukin-10 Expressed by Human Cytomegalovirus during the Latent Phase of Infection Modulates Latently Infected Myeloid Cell Differentiation

Viral Interleukin-10 Expressed by Human Cytomegalovirus during the Latent Phase of Infection Modulates Latently Infected Myeloid Cell Differentiation

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells have a phenotype comparable to that of dermal dendritic cells and display ultrastructural granules distinct from Birbeck granules

Induction of Contact Dermatitis in Guinea Pigs by Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: The Mechanism of Antigen Formation

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