Epidermal Growth Factor Interacts with Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Promotes Coleoptile Growth

Moon, A M; Dyer, M. I.; Brown, Mark R.; Crossley, D. A.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a078711

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The degree of growth matched that of EGF (14,16), an animal biochemical messenger and regulator of many animal cell functions (17). The coleoptile bioassay functions as a predictor of many plant growth and development processes (24 100 (see Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…These include production of defense mechanisms (1, 2) and changes in internal physiology (3, 4) and productivity (5, 6), providing overall a series of positive and negative feedback signals to the plant that can reorient its C and N distribution as well as its growth and development potential (7,8). The induction signal itself may emanate from endogenous biochemical pathways set in motion by physical damage to plant leaves (9-11) or, perhaps as likely, exogenously from biochemical messengers found in salivary and digestive systems of herbivores (12)(13)(14)(15)(16). Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a highly conserved mitogenic peptide found in salivary glands of many animal species that acts as an intracellular messenger in animal tissues (17), also affects plant cell growth, seedling development, and plant production processes (12)(13)(14)(15) peptides that induce plant responses, which in turn control production processes similar to those actions found in applications of vertebrate EGF.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a highly conserved mitogenic peptide found in salivary glands of many animal species that acts as an intracellular messenger in animal tissues (17), also affects plant cell growth, seedling development, and plant production processes (12)(13)(14)(15). If this animal peptide, or others similar to it, enters the plant during herbivory, such messengers may serve as an intertrophic transducer between herbivores and plants during grazing (16). This hypothesis recently has gained additional support with the discovery that EGF stimulates plant cell division and adventitious root formation (15) We extracted the tissues by a method developed for purification of bioactive polypeptides with known molecular masses of <13 kDa (20).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Grasshopper crop and midgut extract effects on plants: an example of reward feedback.

Dyer

Moon²,

Brown³

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Acid extracts and a resultant fraction from solid-phase extraction (SPE) of Romalea guttata crop and midgut tissues induce sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. Rio) coleoptile growth in 24-h incubations an average of 49% above untreated controls. When combined with plant auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the SPE fraction shows a synergistic reaction, yielding increases in coleoptile growth that average 295% above untreated controls and 8% above IAA standards.The interaction lowered the point of maximum sensitivity of IAA 3 orders of magnitude, resulting in a new IAA physiological set point at 10-7 g/ml. This synergism suggests that contents in animal regurgitants making their way into plant tissue during feeding may produce a positive feedback in plant growth and development following herbivory. Such a process, also known as reward feedback, may exert major controls on ecosystem-level relationships in nature.As herbivores feed on their host plants they induce a variety of changes in plant responses. These include production of defense mechanisms (1, 2) and changes in internal physiology (3, 4) and productivity (5, 6), providing overall a series of positive and negative feedback signals to the plant that can reorient its C and N distribution as well as its growth and development potential (7,8). The induction signal itself may emanate from endogenous biochemical pathways set in motion by physical damage to plant leaves (9-11) or, perhaps as likely, exogenously from biochemical messengers found in salivary and digestive systems of herbivores (12)(13)(14)(15)(16). Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a highly conserved mitogenic peptide found in salivary glands of many animal species that acts as an intracellular messenger in animal tissues (17), also affects plant cell growth, seedling development, and plant production processes (12)(13)(14)(15) peptides that induce plant responses, which in turn control production processes similar to those actions found in applications of vertebrate EGF. MATERIALS AND METHODSDuring the summers of 1992 and 1993 we collected >1000 late-instar and adult male and female Romalea grasshoppers from a park in Athens, Georgia. We kept the grasshoppers in 0.23-m3 laboratory cages in a greenhouse, fed them washed lettuce and high-protein chick starter meal for several days, and then starved them for at least 2 days to clear out their digestive tracts. We dissected the crop and midgut and froze the tissues immediately on dry ice for storage at -80°C.We extracted the tissues by a method developed for purification of bioactive polypeptides with known molecular masses of <13 kDa (20). We homogenized the frozen crops and midguts (5-25 g) in 100 ml of ice-cold 0.2 M acetic acid solution containing protease inhibitors. After centrifugation (20 min; 17,200 x g) and reextraction of the pellet twice more, we pooled the supernatant solutions ('300 ml) and lyophilized them. We rehydrated the lyophilized solutions with HPLC grade water and centrifuged them (as before) to obtain a supernatant solution or ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Grasshopper crop and midgut extract effects on plants: an example of reward feedback.

Dyer

Moon²,

Brown³

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Thus, the greater damage by moth boring may result in longer lateral shoots than artificial boring. These results imply that plant compensatory response may be affected by factors relevant to natural herbivory such as particular ways of feeding or chemical cues by herbivore saliva, which a simple artificial damage cannot simulate (Dyer and Bokhari 1980;McNaughton 1983;Moon et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant regrowth response to a stem‐boring insect: a swift moth‐willow system

Utsumi

Ohgushi

2007

Population Ecology

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To examine plastic willow regrowth response to herbivory, we studied the effect of a boring insect, the swift moth Endoclita excrescens (Hepialidae: Lepidoptera), which does not remove apical meristems, on shoot growth in three willow species—Salix gilgiana, S. eriocarpa, and S. serissaefolia−by direct observations and experiments in the field. We hypothesized that the stem‐boring could initiate new lateral bud activation, and result in secondary shoot regrowth without the removal of the primary apical meristems. There were significantly more lateral shoots on naturally attacked than unattacked stems, and a significant positive correlation between lateral shoot density and the number of swift moth tunnels per tree was observed for all three willow species. Artificial boring, and larval infestation, resulted in an increase in the number of lateral shoots, but did not affect growth of current‐year shoots. The length of lateral shoots differed between species, being significantly longer in S. gilgiana than S. eriocarpa and S. serissaefolia. The results of this study show that compensatory regrowth can result even if herbivory does not remove the apical meristem. We argue that this type of plant compensatory response is probably widespread, given that the stem‐boring is a common feeding type of insect herbivores.

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“…The use of herbivore saliva in combination with artificial damage is thus a potential method to improve the quality of herbivore simulations. It is very difficult to collect enough insect saliva for large experiments, but treatments may become easier if the bioactive chemicals of saliva are identified (Moon et al 1994;Alborn et al 1997;Musser et al 2002).…”

Section: Attempts Of Exact Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use and Usefulness of Artificial Herbivory in Plant-Herbivore Studies

Lehtilä¹,

Boalt²

2008

Ecological Studies

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Artificial damage is a popular method in plant-herbivore studies, because the use of real herbivores is often laborious and because it may be virtually impossible to use herbivores in many experimental setups. We made a literature search of studies that tested whether natural and artificial damage have similar effects on plants. Of 46 studies found, 33 (72 %) reported a significant difference between responses to artificial and natural herbivore damage in at least one of the statistical tests included. The studies contained 280 statistical tests, of which 99 (35 %) showed a significant difference between artificial and natural damage. Phytochemical responses to artificial and natural damage were different in 41 % of the statistical tests and 75 % of the studies found at least one significant difference. Plant resistance, measured as secondary damage, herbivore performance, fungal growth in damaged tissue or plant attractivity to parasitoids of herbivores, differed in 60 % of the statistical tests and 85 % of the studies had significant differences. Growth, reproduction and physiological responses to artificial and natural damage differed in 20-30 % of statistical tests and 50-83 % of studies had significant differences. Thus, studies on plant tolerance (growth and reproduction after damage) more often showed similar effects for artificial and natural damage than studies on plant resistance to herbivory, but even in tolerance studies artificial and natural damage often have different effects. Some studies indicated that application of herbivore saliva and careful imitation of timing and spatial pattern of damage helped in reaching the same effect with simulations and natural damage. IntroductionIn many experimental settings, artificial damage has several practical benefits over the use of real herbivores (Hjältén, Chap. 12, this Vol.). The extent of damage and the location of damaged parts can easily be controlled, and collateral damage to other than target tissues can be minimized. The removed biomass can be collected and measured. Furthermore, there is no need to collect and rear herbivores. The use of artificial damage enables efficient experimental designs, with balanced sample sizes of experimental groups and a low variation of treatment intensity within each experimental group. For these reasons, artificial damage is used more often in herbivory research than real herbivores.Artificial damage does not, however, always adequately mimic natural damage (Baldwin 1990; Hjältén, Chap. 12, this Vol.). Many types of herbivory are not applicable for simulations. Damage by stem borers, miners, galling insects, root feeders or sucking insects is seldom tried to simulate. However, even when the apparent damage pattern is easy to reproduce, several characteristics of natural herbivory may be difficult to simulate, such as the timing of damage, herbivore host choice, location of damage within a plant, and subtle details of damage by herbivore mouth parts. Herbivore saliva can also play a role in plant responses (Walling ...

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Epidermal Growth Factor Interacts with Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Promotes Coleoptile Growth

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Grasshopper crop and midgut extract effects on plants: an example of reward feedback.

Grasshopper crop and midgut extract effects on plants: an example of reward feedback.

Plant regrowth response to a stem‐boring insect: a swift moth‐willow system

The Use and Usefulness of Artificial Herbivory in Plant-Herbivore Studies

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