Epidermal focussing and effects on light utilization in <i>Oxalis acetosella</i>

Myers, David A.; Vogelmann, Thomas C.; Bornman, Janet F.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1994.tb03001.x

Cited by 62 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Leaf optical properties may be indirectly affected by changes in leaf anatomy through their important role in the determination of light distribution within the leaf . For example, convex epidermal cells can act to collect and focus light, which may increase the probability of interception of photons by chloroplasts (Bone et al, 1985;Myers et al, 1994); the convexity of epidermal cells varied among species in the present study (personal observation), which could alter the focusing properties without necessarily changing epidermal dimensions. Additionally, palisade mesophyll cell shape may alter light penetration within the leaf, changes in spongy mesophyll cell shape can affect optical path length, and leaf anatomy influences chloroplast distribution; all of which could affect leaf optical properties (Terashima and Saeki, 1983;Vogelmann and Martin, 1993;DeLucia et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Leaf optical responses to light and soil nutrient availability in temperate deciduous trees

Baltzer

Thomas

2005

American J of Botany

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Leaf optical parameters influence light availability at the cellular, leaf, and canopy scale of integration. While recent studies have focused on leaf optical responses to acute plant stress, the effects of changes in plant resources on leaf optics remain poorly characterized. We examined leaf optical and anatomical responses of five temperate deciduous tree species to moderate changes in nutrient and light availability. Spectral reflectance in the visible waveband generally increased at high light, but decreased with increased nutrient availability. Patterns of both spectral reflectance and absorptance were primarily determined by chlorophyll concentration although carotenoid concentration was also influential. While most anatomical features did not explain residual variation in reflectance, cuticle thickness was significantly related to reflectance at complementary angles compared to the angle of incidence. Absorptance did not change with light environment; however, absorption efficiency per unit biomass increased by approximately 40% under low light, due to reduced leaf mass per area. We conclude that changes in resource availability differentially influence leaf optical properties and that such changes are driven primarily by changes in pigment concentrations. The magnitude of leaf optical responses to moderate changes in resource availability was comparable to those of acute stress responses and varied among species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Leaf optical responses to light and soil nutrient availability in temperate deciduous trees

Baltzer

Thomas

2005

American J of Botany

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“…Such information is useful in evaluating the radiation reflectance and transmittance at whole-canopy scale and in studying plant-environment interaction. The specific peculiarities of the leaf surface (wax layer, shape of the epidermal cells, cuticular thickening, trichomes) play an important role in the variability of optical parameters (Eller 1977;Martin et al 1991;Myers et al 1994;Vogelmann 1994). In our investigations the scaly trichomes of the xeromorphic olive trees, but not the tapering ones of fig, increased reflectance and attenuated transmittance over the exploited spectral range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Leaf characteristics and optical properties of different woody species

Baldini

Facini

Nerozzi

et al. 1997

Trees

113

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AbstractmLight partition has been examined and evaluated on five woody species (Olea europaea, Ficus carica, Pittosporum tobira, Hedera helix maculata, Persica vulgaris) in relation to their leaf morpho-histological characteristics, water and chlorophyll contents. Leaf parameters and optical properties (reflectance, transmittance, absorbance) in PAR, FR and NIR wavebands (400±1100 nm) were preliminarily submitted to a canonical correlation analysis where lamina thickness and water content showed a leading role in determining all the optical properties, while chlorophyll, influential in the PAR region, was remarkably effective only in an extreme pigment situation when green and albino patches of ivy leaves were compared. Transmittance appeared inversely related to lamina thickness in accordance with the Lambert Beer law. Significant correlations were found also between mesophyll water content and both transmittance (positive) and reflectance (negative). Olive leaves showed peculiar optical patterns because of the dense and continuous trichome layer on their abaxial surface.

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“…In the present simulation we did not consider the effect of refraction and focussing of light by epidermal cells near the surface of the leaf (Myers et al 1994), which may interact with the non-uniform distribution of chlorophyll to influence the SPAD-[chl] area relationship. Although epidermal focussing of radiation may act to directing photons to chlorophyll dense positions in the leaf (Vogelmann 1989) the net effect of chlorophyll heterogeneity is generally to decrease A (Richter and Fukshansky 1996), and the general shape of the simulated SPAD-[chl] area relationship should be the same also if the effect of epidermal focussing was considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the relationship between leaf chlorophyll concentration and SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter readings

et al. 2007

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Relationships between chlorophyll concentration ([chl]) and SPAD values were determined for birch, wheat, and potato. For all three species, the relationships were non-linear with an increasing slope with increasing SPAD. The relationships for birch and wheat were strong (r (2) approximately 0.9), while the potato relationship was comparatively weak (r (2) approximately 0.5). Birch and wheat had very similar relationships when the chlorophyll concentration was expressed per unit leaf area, but diverged when it was expressed per unit fresh weight. Furthermore, wheat showed similar SPAD-[chl] relationships for two different cultivars and during two different growing seasons. The curvilinear shape of the SPAD-[chl] relationships agreed well with the simulated effects of non-uniform chlorophyll distribution across the leaf surface and multiple scattering, causing deviations from linearity in the high and low SPAD range, respectively. The effect of non-uniformly distributed chlorophyll is likely to be more important in explaining the non-linearity in the empirical relationships, since the effect of scattering was predicted to be comparatively weak. The simulations were based on the algorithm for the calculation of SPAD-502 output values. We suggest that SPAD calibration curves should generally be parameterised as non-linear equations, and we hope that the relationships between [chl] and SPAD and the simulations of the present study can facilitate the interpretation of chlorophyll meter calibrations in relation to optical properties of leaves in future studies.

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Epidermal focussing and effects on light utilization in Oxalis acetosella

Cited by 62 publications

References 15 publications

Leaf optical responses to light and soil nutrient availability in temperate deciduous trees

Leaf optical responses to light and soil nutrient availability in temperate deciduous trees

Leaf characteristics and optical properties of different woody species

Evaluating the relationship between leaf chlorophyll concentration and SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter readings

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