Epidemiology, treatment and outcome of candidemia: a five‐year review at three Canadian hospitals

Macphail, Gisela; Taylor, Grahame S.; Buchanan-Chell, Maureen; Ross, Carolyn M.; Wilson, Samuel; Kureishi, Amar

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0507.2002.00741.x

Cited by 101 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several studies have shown a substantial increase in the incidence of candidemia in the past 2 decades [3-5], with an incidence of 0.3-1.0 episodes per 1000 admissions elsewhere in China [28], North America [29,30] and some European countries [3,31,32], much higher (1.2 to 1.7 episodes) in Latin America [33] and Italy [3], and much lower in Northern Europe (0.01 to 0.08 episodes) [34,35]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, species distribution and outcome of nosocomial Candida spp.bloodstream infection in Shanghai

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundYeasts, mostly Candida, are important causes of bloodstream infections (BSI), responsible for significant mortality and morbidity among hospitalized patients. The epidemiology and species distribution vary from different regions. The goals of this study were to report the current epidemiology of Candida BSI in a Shanghai Teaching Hospital and estimate the impact of appropriate antifungal therapy on the outcome.MethodsFrom January 2008 to December 2012, all consecutive patients who developed Candida BSI at Ruijin University Hospital were enrolled. Underlying diseases, clinical severity, species distribution, antifungal therapy and its impact on the outcome were analyzed.ResultsA total of 121 episodes of Candida BSI were identified, with an incidence of 0.32 episodes/1,000 admissions (0.21 in 2008 and 0.42 in 2012) The proportion of candidemia caused by non-albicans species (62.8%), including C. parapsilosis (19.8%), C. tropicalis (14.9%), C. glabrata (7.4%), C. guilliermondii (5.8%), C. sake (5.0%) was higher than that of candidemia caused by C. albicans (37.2%). The overall crude 28-day mortality was 28.1% and significantly reduced with appropriate empiric antifungal therapy administered within 5 days (P = 0.006). Advanced age (OR 1.04; P = 0.014), neutropenia < 500/mm3 (OR 17.44; P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for 28-day mortality, while appropriate empiric antifungal therapy (OR 0.369; P = 0.035) was protective against 28-day mortality.ConclusionThe epidemiology of candidemia in Shanghai differed from that observed in Western countries. Appropriate empiric antifungal therapy influenced the short-term survival.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, species distribution and outcome of nosocomial Candida spp.bloodstream infection in Shanghai

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nosocomial bloodstream infections due to Candida spp. are associated with a mortality rate that can reach 40% [23–27]. In a large study that included 10,038 patients from 1,417 intensive care units in 17 European countries, invasive candidiasis accounted for 17% of hospital-acquired infections [28, 29].…”

Section: Significance Of Candidiasis and Cryptococcosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Drug Discovery through the Study of Invertebrate Model Hosts

Pukkila-Worley¹,

Holson²,

Wagner³

et al. 2009

CMC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is an urgent need for new antifungal agents that are both effective and non-toxic in the therapy of systemic mycoses. The model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been used both to elucidate evolutionarily conserved components of host-pathogen interactions and to screen large chemical libraries for novel antimicrobial compounds. Here we review the use of C. elegans models in drug discovery and discuss caffeic acid phenethyl ester, a novel antifungal agent identified using an in vivo screening system. C. elegans bioassays allow high-throughput screens of chemical libraries in vivo. This whole-animal system may enable the identification of compounds that modulate immune responses or affect fungal virulence factors that are only expressed during infection. In addition, compounds can be simultaneously screened for antifungal efficacy and toxicity, which may overcome one of the main obstacles in current antimicrobial discovery. A pilot screen for antifungal compounds using this novel C. elegans system identified 15 compounds that prolonged survival of nematodes infected with the medically important human pathogen Candida albicans. One of these compounds, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), was an effective antifungal agent in a murine model of systemic candidiasis and had in vitro activity against several fungal species. Interestingly, CAPE is a potent immunomodulator in mammals with several distinct mechanisms of action. The identification of CAPE in a C. elegans screen supports the hypothesis that this model can identify compounds with both antifungal and host immunomodulatory activity.

show abstract

“…Candida albicans accounts for the majority of cases with candidiasis, but an increasing number of infections due to non- albicans spp. have been reported [4]. The most commonly isolated non- albicans Candida are C. glabrata (causing 3%-35% of all candidemias), followed by C. tropicalis , C. parapsilosis , C. krusei , and other Candida spp [5, 6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-MICs of Carum copticum and Thymus vulgaris influence virulence factors and biofilm formation in Candida spp

Khan

Ahmad

Cameotra

et al. 2014

BMC Complement Altern Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundEmergence of drug-resistant strains of Candida and inefficiency of conventional antifungal therapy has necessitated the search for alternative and new antifungal agents. Inhibition of virulence and biofilm are the potential drug targets. In this study, the oils of Carum copticum, Thymus vulgaris and their major active compound thymol as revealed by Gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-GC/MS) analysis were tested for their inhibitory activity against growth to determine sub-MIC values against 27 drug-resistant strains of Candida spp.MethodsBrothmacrodilution method was used for determination of MIC of test oils against Candida strains. The spectrophotometric methods were used for detection and inhibition assays for virulence factors in Candida spp. Light and electron microscopy was performed to observe morphological effects of oils on biofilms. GC-GC/MS were used to evaluate the major active compounds of test oils.ResultsVirulence factors like proteinase and haemolysin were detected in 18 strains, both in solid and liquid media. A 70% of the test strains exhibited hydrophobicity and formed moderate to strong biofilms (OD280 0.5- > 1.0). Test oils exhibited MICs in the range of 45–360 μg.mL−1 against the majority of test strains. All the oils at 0.25× and 0.5× MICs induced >70% reduction in the cell surface hydrophobicity, proteinase and haemolysin production. At 0.5× MIC, thymol and T. vulgaris were most inhibitory against biofilm formation. At sub-MICs electron microscopic studies revealed the deformity of complex structures of biofilms formed and cell membranes appeared to be the target site of these agents.ConclusionsTherefore, our findings have highlighted the concentration dependent activity of oils of C. copticum and T. vulgaris against virulence factors and biofilms in proteinase and haemolysin producing drug-resistant strains of Candida spp. The above activities of test oils are supposed to be mainly contributed due to their major active compound thymol. Further mechanism involving anti-proteinase, anti-haemolysin and anti-biofilm activities of these oils and compounds are to be explored for possible exploitation in combating Candida infections.

show abstract

Epidemiology, treatment and outcome of candidemia: a five‐year review at three Canadian hospitals

Cited by 101 publications

References 21 publications

Epidemiology, species distribution and outcome of nosocomial Candida spp.bloodstream infection in Shanghai

Epidemiology, species distribution and outcome of nosocomial Candida spp.bloodstream infection in Shanghai

Antifungal Drug Discovery through the Study of Invertebrate Model Hosts

Sub-MICs of Carum copticum and Thymus vulgaris influence virulence factors and biofilm formation in Candida spp

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About